Historia

Abubuwan da ke cikin shafi

Tarihi
Tsarin ƙauyen Medieval da gidajen rajista na ƙasar Kerava
Lokacin manors
Hanyar jirgin kasa da masana'antu
Abin da ya gabata na fasaha
Daga kanti zuwa birni
Al'adu dabam-dabam a cikin ƙaramin gari na gama gari

Tarihi

An riga an zauna a Kerava shekaru 9 da suka wuce, lokacin da mutanen zamanin Dutse suka isa yankin bayan zamanin kankara. Tare da narkewar ƙanƙara na nahiyar, kusan duk ƙasar Finland har yanzu ruwa ya rufe, kuma mutanen farko a yankin Kerava sun zauna a kan ƙananan tsibiran da suka tashi daga ruwa yayin da saman ƙasa ya tashi. Yayin da yanayin ya yi zafi kuma matakin ƙasa ya ci gaba da hauhawa, an kafa Cove na Ancylysjärvi kusa da Keravanjoki, wanda a ƙarshe ya ragu zuwa fjord na Litorinameri. An haifi wani kwarin kogi wanda aka lulluɓe da yumbu.

Mutanen Kerava na Stone Age sun sami abincinsu ta hanyar farauta hatimi da kamun kifi. An halicci wuraren zama bisa ga zagayowar shekara inda akwai isasshen ganima. An adana shaidar cin abinci na tsoffin mazaunan daga guntuwar kasusuwa na mazaunin Pisinmäki Stone Age da ke gundumar Lapila na yanzu. Bisa ga waɗannan, za mu iya bayyana abin da mazauna wancan lokacin suka farauta.

An gano matsugunai takwas na zamanin dutse a Kerava, inda aka lalata yankunan Rajamäentie da Mikkola. An gano filaye musamman a yammacin Keravanjoki da kuma a yankunan Jaakkola, Ollilanlaakso, Kaskela da Kerava.

Dangane da binciken binciken kayan tarihi, adadin dindindin ya zauna a yankin kusan shekaru 5000 da suka gabata a lokacin al'adun Neoceramic. A wannan lokacin, mazauna kwarin kogin su ma suna kiwon shanu suna saran dazuzzukan da ke gefen kogin don kiwo. Koyaya, ba a san wuraren zama na Bronze ko Iron Age daga Kerava ba. Duk da haka, kowane duniya ya samo daga zamanin Iron Age yana ba da labarin wani nau'in kasancewar ɗan adam.

Tsarin ƙauyen Medieval da gidajen rajista na ƙasar Kerava

Rubuce-rubucen farko na Kerava a cikin takardun tarihi sun koma 1440s. Koke ne game da hukuncin kan iyaka tsakanin Kerava da Mårtensby, mai Sipoo. A wannan yanayin, an riga an samar da ƙauyuka a yankin, wanda ba a san matakin farko ba, amma bisa la'akari da sunayen mutane, ana iya tunanin cewa al'ummar yankin sun isa yankin daga ciki da kuma bakin teku. Tsarin ƙauyen farko ya kamata ya kasance a kan tudun Kerava na yanzu, daga inda mazaunin ya bazu zuwa Ali-Keravan, Lapila da Heikkilänmäki.

A karshen karni na 1400, an raba mazauna yankin zuwa kauyukan Ali da Yli-Kerava. A cikin 1543, akwai gidaje 12 masu biyan haraji a ƙauyen Ali-Kerava da shida a ƙauyen Yli-Kerava. Yawancinsu suna cikin ƙauyukan rukuni na ƴan gidaje a ɓangarorin biyu na kogin Keravanjoki da kuma kusa da titin laƙabi a yankin.

Waɗannan kadarorin da aka ambata a farkon rajistar ƙasa na ƙarni na 1500, watau rajistar ƙasa, galibi ana kiran su Kerava kantatils ko gidajen rajistar ƙasa. Ali-Keravan Mikkola, Inkilä, Jaakkola, Jokimies, Jäspilä, Jurvala, Nissilä, Ollila da Täckerman (daga baya Hakala) da Yli-Keravan Postlar, Skogster da Heikkilä an san su da suna. Gonakin na da nasu gonakin da aka raba, kuma garuruwan biyu suna da nasu dazuzzuka da makiyaya. Dangane da kiyasi, akwai mazauna ƙasa da ɗari biyu kawai.

A tsarin mulki, ƙauyukan na Sipoo ne har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa Ikklesiya ta Tuusula a cikin 1643 kuma Kerava ya zama wani ɓangare na Ikklesiya ta Tuusula. Adadin gidaje da mazauna sun kasance suna dawwama na dogon lokaci, ko da yake a cikin shekarun da suka gabata an raba wasu tsoffin gonakin, sun rabu ko kuma sun shiga cikin yankin Kerava, kuma an kafa sabbin gonaki. A cikin 1860, duk da haka, an riga an sami gidaje 26 na manoma da gidaje biyu a ƙauyukan Ali da Yli-Kerava. Yawan jama'a ya kai kusan 450.

Lokacin manors

Gidan Kerava manor, ko Humleberg, yana zaune tun aƙalla shekarun 1580, amma haɓakawa zuwa babban gona kawai ya fara ne a cikin ƙarni na 1600, lokacin da Berendes, ɗan masanin doki Fredrik Joakim, ya mallaki gonar. . Berendes ya kula da kadarorin daga 1634 kuma da gangan ya fadada dukiyarsa ta hanyar hada gidajen manoma da yawa a yankin da ba su iya biyan haraji. Jagoran, wanda ya bambanta kansa a yakin neman zabe da yawa, an ba shi babban matsayi a cikin 1649 kuma a lokaci guda ya karɓi sunan Stålhjelm. A cewar rahotanni, babban ginin gidan yana da dakuna 17 a lokacin Stålhjelm.

Bayan mutuwar Stålhjelm da gwauruwarsa Anna, mallakar gidan gidan ya koma ga dangin von Schrowe haifaffen Jamus. Manor ya sha wahala a lokacin da ake nuna son kai, lokacin da Rashawa suka kona shi a kasa. Kofur Gustav Johan Blåfield, maigidan ƙarshe na dangin von Schrowe, ya mallaki gidan har zuwa 1743.

Bayan haka, gidan yana da masu yawa, har zuwa farkon shekarun 1770 Johan Sederholm, mai ba da shawara na kasuwanci daga Helsinki, ya saya kuma ya mayar da gonar zuwa sabuwar daukaka. Bayan haka, ba da daɗewa ba aka sayar da gidan ga jarumi Karl Otto Nassokin, wanda danginsa suka mallaki gidan na tsawon shekaru 50, har sai dangin Jaekellit sun zama masu mallakar ta hanyar aure. Babban ginin na yanzu ya samo asali ne daga wannan lokacin Jaekellis, farkon karni na 1800.

A cikin 1919, Jaekell na ƙarshe, Miss Olivia, tana da shekaru 79, ta sayar da gidan ga mai suna Sipoo Ludvig Moring, lokacin da gidan ya sami sabon lokacin wadata. Moring ya gyara babban ginin gidan a shekara ta 1928, kuma haka manor din yake a yau. Bayan Moring, da manor aka canjawa wuri zuwa birnin Kerava a 1991 dangane da ƙasar sayar da.

Wani gidan gona da ke aiki a Kerava, Lapila manor, ya bayyana a matsayin suna a cikin takardu a karon farko a farkon ƙarni na 1600, sa’ad da aka ambaci wani mai suna Yrjö Tuomaanpoika, watau Yrjö na Lapila a tsakanin mazauna ƙauyen Yli-Kerava. . An san cewa Lapila gona ce ta albashi ga jami'ai na shekaru da yawa, har sai da aka hade ta zuwa gidan Kerava a cikin 1640s. Bayan haka, Lapila ya yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na manor, har zuwa 1822 gonar ta wuce zuwa dangin Sevén. Iyalin sun dauki nauyin sararin samaniya tsawon shekaru hamsin.

Bayan Sevény, Lapila manor na siyarwa a sassa ga sabbin masu shi. Babban ginin na yanzu yana daga farkon shekarun 1880, lokacin da kyaftin din jirgin Sundman ya kasance mai kula da manor. Wani sabon yanayi mai ban sha'awa a tarihin Lapila ya zo lokacin da 'yan kasuwa daga Helsinki, ciki har da Julius Tallberg da Lars Krogius, suka sayi sararin da sunan masana'antar bulo da suka kafa. Bayan matsalolin farko, masana'antar ta ɗauki sunan Kervo Tegelbruk Ab kuma Lapila ya kasance a hannun kamfanin har zuwa 1962, bayan haka an sayar da manor ga garin Kerava.

Hanyar jirgin kasa da masana'antu

An fara zirga-zirga a sashin fasinja na farko na layin dogo na Finland, layin Helsinki-Hämeenlinna, a shekara ta 1862. Wannan layin dogo ya ratsa Kerava kusan tsawon garin. Hakanan ya ba da damar ci gaban masana'antu na Kerava a lokaci guda.

Na farko ya zo da masana'antar bulo, waɗanda suka yi amfani da ƙasan yumbu na yankin. An yi aikin bulo da yawa a yankin tun farkon shekarun 1860, kuma an kafa masana'antar siminti ta farko ta Finland a yankin a cikin 1869. Mafi mahimmancin aikin bulo shine Kervo Tegelsbruks Ab (daga baya AB Kervo Tegelbruk), wanda aka kafa a 1889, da Oy Savion. Tiilitehdas, wanda ya fara aiki a 1910. Kervo Tegelbruk ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan samar da bulo na yau da kullun, yayin da Savion Tiiletehta ya samar da kayayyakin bulo kusan talatin daban-daban.

Dogayen al'adun yankin na samar da abubuwan sha na malti na masana'antu sun fara ne a cikin 1911, lokacin da aka kafa Keravan Höyrypanimo Osakeyhtiö a farkon Vehkalantie na yau. Baya ga abubuwan sha masu laushi, lemun tsami da ruwan ma'adinai kuma an samar da su a cikin 1920s. A cikin 1931, Keravan Panimo Oy ya fara aiki a cikin gidaje guda ɗaya, amma aikin da aka yi alkawarinsa, kuma a matsayin mai kera barasa masu ƙarfi, ya ƙare a cikin 1940 bayan yaƙin hunturu.

An kafa Oy Savion Kumitehdas a cikin 1925 kuma cikin sauri ya zama babban ma'aikaci a cikin yankin: masana'antar ta ba da ayyuka kusan 800. Masana'antar ta samar da rijiyoyi da takalmi na roba da kuma kayayyakin roba na fasaha irin su hoses, tabarman roba da gasket. A farkon shekarun 1930, masana'antar ta haɗu da Suomen Gummitehdas Oy daga Nokia. A baya a cikin 1970s, da daban-daban sassa na factory aiki a kusa da 500 ma'aikata a Kerava. Ayyukan masana'anta sun lalace a ƙarshen 1980s.

Abin da ya gabata na fasaha

"Kambin nickel" na zinari na rigar makamai na Kerava yana wakiltar haɗin da wani kafinta ya yi. Taken rigar makamai da Ahti Hammar ya tsara ya fito ne daga masana'antar itace, wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci ga ci gaban Kerava. A farkon karni na 1900, an san Kerava musamman a matsayin garin kafinta, lokacin da shahararrun masana'antar kafinta, Kerava Puusepäntehdas da Kerava Puuteollisuus Oy, ke aiki a yankin.

An soma ayyukan Keravan Puuteollisuus Oy a shekara ta 1909 da sunan Keravan Mylly- ja Puunjalostus Osakeyhtiö. Tun daga shekarun 1920, babban filin samar da masana'anta shi ne shirya kayayyaki, kamar tagogi da kofofi, amma a shekarar 1942 aka fadada ayyukan da masana'antar kayayyakin kayayyakin zamani. Mawallafin Ilmari Tapiovaara, wanda aka sani bayan yaƙe-yaƙe, shine ke da alhakin ƙirar kayan daki, wanda kujera Domus stackable daga samfuran kayan da aka tsara don samar da masana'anta ya zama sanannen ƙirar kayan daki. Kamfanin ya yi aiki a Kerava har zuwa 1965.

Keravan Puuseppäntehdas, asalin Kervo Snickerifabrik - Keravan Puuseppätehdas, kafintoci shida ne suka fara aiki a shekara ta 1908. Ya girma cikin sauri zuwa ɗaya daga cikin masana'antar kafinta na zamani a ƙasarmu. Ginin masana'antar ya tashi a tsakiyar Kerava tare da tsohuwar Valtatie (yanzu Kauppakaari) kuma an fadada shi sau da yawa yayin aikin masana'antar. Tun daga farko, aikin ya mayar da hankali kan samar da kayan daki da kuma gabaɗayan ciki.

A shekara ta 1919, Stockmann ya zama babban mai hannun jari na masana'anta kuma da yawa daga cikin mashahuran gine-ginen ciki na lokacin sun tsara kayan daki don masana'anta a ofishin zane na babban kantin, kamar Werner West, Harry Röneholm, Olof Ottelin da Margaret T. Nordman. Baya ga kayan daki, ofishin zane na Stockmann ya kera kayan ciki don wuraren jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Misali, kayan daki a ginin majalisar ana yin su ne a Kerava's Pusepäntehta. An san masana'anta a matsayin mai sana'a na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'anta, amma a lokaci guda samfuran da suka dace da masu sauraron jama'a da yawa, da kuma masu samar da wuraren jama'a. A cikin 1960s, Stockmann ya sayi wurin na Kerava Carpentry Factory a tsakiyar Kerava kuma ya gina sabbin wuraren samarwa a yankin masana'antar Ahjo, inda masana'antar ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa tsakiyar 1980s.

Har ila yau masana'antar hasken wuta Orno tana aiki a Kerava, mallakar Stockmann. Asali an kafa shi a Helsinki a 1921 a ƙarƙashin sunan Taidetakomo Orno Konstsmideri, masana'antar ta kasance mallakar wani kamfani ne na kantin sayar da kayayyaki a cikin 1936, bayan haka an canza aikin zuwa Kerava. A lokaci guda, sunan ya zama Oy Orno Ab (daga baya Orno Metallitehdas).

An san masana'anta musamman don ƙirar haske, amma kuma a matsayin masana'anta na hasken fasaha. An kuma tsara fitilun a ofishin zane na Stockmann kuma, kamar kayan daki na Puusepäntehta, sanannun sunaye da yawa a cikin filin ne ke da alhakin zayyana, kamar Yki Nummi, Lisa Johansson-Pape, Heikki Turunen da Klaus Michalik. An sayar da masana'antar da ayyukanta a cikin 1985 ga Järnkonst Ab Asea na Sweden sannan a cikin 1987 zuwa Walƙiya Thorn, wanda wani ɓangare na kera hasken ya ci gaba har zuwa 2002.

Daga kanti zuwa birni

An kafa gundumar Kerava da dokar gwamnati a shekara ta 1924, lokacin da akwai mazauna 3. Korso kuma yana cikin Kerava tun farko, amma a 083 an shigar da shi cikin gundumar Helsinki ta lokacin. Kasancewa ɗan kasuwa yana nufin 'yancin kai na Kerava daga Tuusula, kuma tushen ci gaban da aka tsara na yankin zuwa birni na yanzu ya fara fitowa.

Da farko, Sampola ita ce cibiyar kasuwanci ta sabuwar ƙauyen da aka kafa, amma bayan shekarun 1920 a hankali ta koma inda take a yammacin layin dogo. Haka kuma akwai wasu ‘yan gidajen dutse a cikin gidajen katako da ke tsakiyar. Ayyukan ƙananan kasuwancin daban-daban sun mayar da hankali kan Vanhalle Valtatie (yanzu Kauppakaari), wanda ke gudana ta tsakiya. An gina titin katako a gefen titunan da aka yi da dutse a tsakiyar, wanda ke hidima ga mazauna ƙasar da aka yi da yumbu, musamman a lokacin bazara.

An kammala titin gangaren Helsinki-Lahti a shekarar 1959, wanda ya sake kara kyawun Kerava daga mahangar hanyoyin sufuri. An yanke shawara mai mahimmanci dangane da ci gaban birane a farkon shekarun 1960, lokacin da ra'ayin hanyar zobe ya bayyana sakamakon gasar gine-ginen da aka shirya don sabunta tsakiyar birni. Wannan ya haifar da tsarin gina cibiyar birni mai saurin zirga-zirga a halin yanzu cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Jigon tsarin tsakiya shine titin masu tafiya a ƙasa, ɗaya daga cikin na farko a Finland.

Kerava ya zama birni a cikin 1970. Godiya ga kyakkyawar hanyar sufuri da ƙaura mai ƙarfi, yawan jama'ar sabon birni ya kusan ninka sau biyu cikin shekaru goma: a cikin 1980 akwai mazauna 23. A 850, Baje kolin Gidajen Finnish na uku da aka shirya a Jaakkola ya sanya Kerava shahara kuma ya sanya yankin a cikin hasken ƙasa. Aurinkomäki, mai iyaka da titin masu tafiya a cikin birni, ya haɓaka ta hanyar gasa da yawa daga wurin shakatawa na halitta zuwa wurin shakatawa na mutanen gari da wurin abubuwan da suka faru a farkon 1974s.

Al'adu dabam-dabam a cikin ƙaramin gari na gama gari

A yau, a Kerava, mutane suna rayuwa kuma suna jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin birni mai aiki da raye-raye tare da damar sha'awa da abubuwan sha'awa a kowane juzu'i. Za'a iya ganin tarihin yankin da kuma keɓantacce a wurare da yawa da suka shafi al'adu da ayyukan birane. Ana jin jin daɗin al'umma kamar ƙauye a matsayin wani ɓangare na keravala na yau. A cikin 2024, Kerava zai zama birni na fiye da 38 mazauna, wanda za a yi bikin cika shekaru 000 tare da ƙarfin dukan birnin.

A Kerava, koyaushe ana yin abubuwa tare. A karshen mako na biyu na watan Yuni, an yi bikin ranar Kerava, a watan Agusta akwai bukukuwan tafarnuwa kuma a watan Satumba akwai nishaɗi a kasuwar Circus, wanda ke girmama al'adun carnival na garin wanda ya fara a 1888 da ayyukan shahararren gidan Sariola. A cikin shekarun 1978-2004, Kasuwar Circus da ƙungiyar fasahar kere-kere da al'adu ta Kerava ta taɓa zama wani taron da ya danganci ayyukan 'yan ƙasa, tare da kuɗin da ƙungiyar ta samu fasaha don tarin kayan tarihi na fasaha, wanda aka kafa a ciki. 1990 kuma masu sa kai sun kiyaye su na dogon lokaci.

A yau, ana iya ganin zane-zane a cikin baje koli na Cibiyar Fasaha da Gidan Tarihi ta Sinka, inda, ban da fasaha, an gabatar da al'amuran al'adu masu ban sha'awa da al'adun ƙirar masana'antu na Kerava. Kuna iya koyo game da tarihin gida da rayuwar karkara a baya a gidan tarihi na Heikkilä Homeland Museum. Maida tsohuwar gonar gida ta zama gidan kayan gargajiya kuma yana haifar da soyayyar garin mutanen gari. Kerava Seura ry, wanda aka kafa a 1955. yana da alhakin kula da Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Gida na Heikkilä har zuwa 1986, kuma har yanzu yana tattara masu sha'awar tarihin gida game da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, laccoci da wallafe-wallafe.

• Jeka gidan yanar gizon Sinka.
• Je zuwa gidan yanar gizon Sinka don karanta ƙarin game da Heikkilä.

A cikin 1904, Hufvudstadsbladet ya rubuta game da garin Kerava mai lafiya da kyan gani. Kusanci ga yanayi da dabi'un muhalli har yanzu suna bayyane a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun na birni. Ana gwada hanyoyin samar da ci gaba mai dorewa, rayuwa da salon rayuwa a yankin Kivisilla, dake gefen Keravanjoki. Kusa, kusa da Kerava Manor, Society for Sustainable Living yana aiki da Jalotus, wanda ke ƙarfafawa da jagorantar mutane don aiwatar da canjin rayuwa mai dorewa. Wani nau'in akidar sake amfani da ita kuma ta biyo bayan Puppa ry, wanda ya ƙaddamar da manufar Purkutade, godiya ga yawancin gidajen da aka rushe sun karɓi rubutu a bangon su kuma suka zama wurin baje kolin wucin gadi.

Rayuwar al'adu tana da rai a Kerava ko ta yaya. Garin yana da makarantar fasahar gani na yara, makarantar rawa, makarantar kiɗa, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Vekara da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun gidan wasan kwaikwayo Central Uusimaa Theatre KUT. A cikin Kerava, ban da al'ada, zaku iya jin daɗin gogewar wasanni iri-iri, kuma ko da an zaɓi garin a cikin 2024 don zama birni mafi wayar hannu a Finland. Al'adun motsi a ƙauyen ba shakka suna da tsayi: sanannen mazaunin Kerava na kowane lokaci shine mai yiwuwa zakaran Olympic, zakaran tseren Volmari Iso-Hollo (1907-1969), wanda filin wasa tare da mutum-mutumin yana kusa da jirgin Kerava. tasha.