historia

Zomwe zili patsamba

Mbiri yakale
Kapangidwe kamudzi wakale ndi nyumba zolembera malo ku Kerava
Nthawi ya manors
The njanji ndi mafakitale
Zakale zaluso
Kuchokera ku shopu kupita ku mzinda
Chikhalidwe chosiyana m'tauni yaying'ono

Mbiri yakale

Kerava yakhala kale anthu zaka 9 zapitazo, pamene anthu a Stone Age anafika m'deralo pambuyo pa Ice Age. Chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa ayezi wa kontinenti, pafupifupi dziko lonse la Finland linali litakutidwabe ndi madzi, ndipo anthu oyamba m’chigawo cha Kerava anakhazikika pazilumba zazing’ono zimene zinatuluka m’madzi pamene nthaka inakwera. Nyengo itayamba kutenthedwa ndipo nthaka ikupitirirabe kukwera, phiri la Ancylysjärvi linapangidwa pafupi ndi Keravanjoki, lomwe pamapeto pake linafikira pamtsinje wa Litorinameri. Kunabadwa chigwa cha mtsinje chokutidwa ndi dongo.

Stone Age Anthu a ku Kerava adapeza chakudya chawo posaka nyama zakutchire komanso usodzi. Malo okhalamo adapangidwa molingana ndi kuzungulira kwa chaka komwe kunali nyama zokwanira. Monga umboni wa zakudya za anthu akale, chip chip chomwe chinapezeka ku Stone Age ku Pisinmäki, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Lapila, chasungidwa. Potengera zimenezi, tingadziwe zimene anthu a m’nthawi imeneyo ankasaka.

Malo okhala Eight Stone Age apezeka ku Kerava, komwe madera a Rajamäentie ndi Mikkola awonongedwa. Malo apezeka makamaka kumadzulo kwa Keravanjoki komanso kundende za Jaakkola, Ollilanlaakso, Kaskela ndi Kerava.

Kutengera zomwe zapezedwa zakale, anthu okhazikika adakhazikika m'derali zaka 5000 zapitazo pachikhalidwe cha Neoceramic. Pa nthawiyo, anthu a m’chigwachi ankawetanso ng’ombe komanso ankadula nkhalango za m’mphepete mwa mtsinjewo kuti zipeze msipu. Komabe, palibe nyumba za Bronze kapena Iron Age zomwe zimadziwika kuchokera ku Kerava. Komabe, dziko lililonse lomwe limapeza kuchokera ku Iron Age limafotokoza za mtundu wina wa kukhalapo kwa munthu.

Kapangidwe kamudzi wakale ndi nyumba zolembera malo ku Kerava

Zolemba zoyamba zolembedwa za Kerava m'mabuku a mbiri yakale kuyambira 1440s. Ndi pempho lokhudza zigamulo za malire pakati pa Kerava ndi Mårtensby, eni ake a Sipoo. Zikatero, midzi yamidzi idapangidwa kale m'derali, zomwe chiyambi chake sichidziwika, koma pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lachidziwitso, tingaganize kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chinafika m'deralo kuchokera kumtunda ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kukhazikika kwa mudzi woyamba kumayenera kukhala paphiri la Kerava manor, pomwe malowo adafikira ku Ali-Keravan, Lapila ndi Heikkilänmäki.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1400, malo okhala m'derali adagawidwa m'midzi ya Ali ndi Yli-Kerava. Mu 1543, m’mudzi wa Ali-Kerava munali minda 12 yokhoma msonkho ndipo XNUMX m’mudzi wa Yli-Kerava. Ambiri a iwo anali m’midzi yamagulu ya nyumba zoŵerengeka mbali zonse za mtsinje wa Keravanjoki ndi kufupi ndi msewu wokhotakhota kudutsa dera lonselo.

Zinthu izi zomwe zatchulidwa m'kaundula wa malo oyambirira a zaka za zana la 1500, mwachitsanzo, zolembera malo, nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa Kerava kantatils kapena nyumba zolembera malo. Ali-Keravan Mikkola, Inkilä, Jaakkola, Jokimies, Jäspilä, Jurvala, Nissilä, Ollila ndi Täckerman (pambuyo pake Hakala) ndi Yli-Keravan Postlar, Skogster ndi Heikkilä amadziwika ndi dzina. Mafamuwo anali ndi minda yawoyawo yogawidwa, ndipo midzi yonse iwiri inali ndi nkhalango ndi madambo awoawo. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, panali anthu ocheperapo mazana angapo.

Poyang'anira, midziyi inali ya Sipoo mpaka parishi ya Tuusula idakhazikitsidwa mu 1643 ndipo Kerava idakhala gawo la parishi ya Tuusula. Kuchuluka kwa nyumba ndi okhalamo kudakhalabe kosasintha kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale kwazaka zambiri minda ina yakale idagawika, kusiyidwa kapena kuphatikizidwa ngati gawo la Kerava manor, ndipo minda yatsopano idakhazikitsidwanso. Mu 1860, panali kale nyumba za anthu 26 ndi nyumba ziwiri m'midzi ya Ali ndi Yli-Kerava. Chiwerengero cha anthu chinali pafupifupi 450.

Nthawi ya manors

Malo a Kerava manor, kapena Humleberg, adakhalako anthu kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1580, koma chitukuko cha famu yayikulu idangoyamba m'zaka za zana la 1600, pomwe Berendes, mwana wa kavalo wamkulu Fredrik Joakim, anali mwini famuyo. . Berendes adayang'anira malowa kuyambira 1634 ndikukulitsa malo ake mwadala mwa kuphatikiza nyumba zingapo za anthu wamba m'derali osatha kulipira misonkho. Mbuyeyo, yemwe adadziwika m'magulu ambiri ankhondo, adapatsidwa udindo wapamwamba mu 1649 ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo adatchedwa Stålhjelm. Malinga ndi malipoti, nyumba yayikulu ya manor inali ndi zipinda 17 m'nthawi ya Stålhjelm.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Stålhjelm ndi mkazi wake wamasiye Anna, umwini wa nyumbayo unadutsa ku banja la von Schrowe lobadwira ku Germany. Manor anali ndi vuto panthawi ya tsankho, pamene a Russia anawotcha pansi. Corporal Gustav Johan Blåfield, mwini wake womaliza wa banja la von Schrowe, anali ndi nyumbayo mpaka 1743.

Pambuyo pake, nyumbayo inali ndi eni ake angapo, mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1770 Johan Sederholm, mlangizi wamalonda ku Helsinki, adagula ndikubwezeretsanso famuyo ku ulemerero wake watsopano. Pambuyo pake, manor posakhalitsa anagulitsidwa kwa Knight Karl Otto Nassokin, yemwe banja lake linali ndi manor kwa zaka 50, mpaka banja la Jaekellit linakhala mwini wake mwaukwati. Nyumba yayikulu yomwe ilipo pano idachokera nthawi ino ya Jaekellis, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 1800.

Mu 1919, Jaekell womaliza, Abiti Olivia, ali ndi zaka 79, adagulitsa nyumbayo kwa dzina la Sipoo dzina lake Ludvig Moring, pomwe manor adapeza nthawi yatsopano yotukuka. Moring adakonzanso nyumba yayikulu ya manor mu 1928, ndipo umu ndi momwe nyumbayi ilili lero. Pambuyo pa Moring, manor adasamutsidwa ku mzinda wa Kerava mu 1991 chifukwa chogulitsa malo.

Malo enanso amene ankagwira ntchito ku Kerava, Lapila manor, amaoneka ngati dzina m’zikalata koyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1600, pamene munthu wina dzina lake Yrjö Tuomaanpoika, kutanthauza Yrjö wa ku Lapila, akutchulidwa pakati pa anthu okhala m’mudzi wa Yli-Kerava. . Zimadziwika kuti Lapila inali famu yolipira kwa maofesala kwa zaka zingapo, mpaka idalumikizidwa ku Kerava manor m'ma 1640s. Pambuyo pake, Lapila anatumikira monga gawo la famuyo, mpaka mu 1822 famuyo inadutsa kwa banja la Sevén. Banjali linakhala ndi malowa kwa zaka makumi asanu.

Pambuyo pa Sevény, Lapila manor yogulitsa magawo kwa eni ake atsopano. Nyumba yayikulu yomwe ilipo kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1880, pomwe woyendetsa thunthu Sundman anali mbuye wa manor. Gawo latsopano losangalatsa m'mbiri ya Lapila linabwera pamene amalonda ochokera ku Helsinki, kuphatikizapo Julius Tallberg ndi Lars Krogius, adagula malo m'dzina la fakitale ya njerwa yomwe adayambitsa. Pambuyo pa zovuta zoyamba, fakitaleyo idatchedwa Kervo Tegelbruk Ab ndipo Lapila adakhalabe ndi kampaniyo mpaka 1962, kenako manor adagulitsidwa ku tauni ya Kerava.

The njanji ndi mafakitale

Magalimoto pa gawo loyamba la njanji ya njanji ya ku Finland, njanji ya Helsinki-Hämeenlinna, inayamba mu 1862. Sitimayi imadutsa Kerava pafupifupi utali wonse wa tawuniyi. Zinathandiziranso chitukuko cha mafakitale ku Kerava nthawi imodzi.

Poyamba panabwera mafakitale a njerwa, omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito dothi ladongo la m’deralo. M'derali munamangidwanso njerwa zingapo m'zaka za m'ma 1860, ndipo fakitale yoyamba ya simenti ku Finland inakhazikitsidwanso m'derali mu 1869. Zomangamanga zazikulu kwambiri zinali Kervo Tegelsbruks Ab (yemwe anadzatchedwa AB Kervo Tegelbruk), yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1889, ndi Oy Savion. Tiilitehdas, yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1910. Kervo Tegelbruk makamaka lolunjika pa kupanga njerwa wamba zomangamanga, pamene Savion Tiiletehta anapanga pafupifupi makumi atatu osiyana mankhwala njerwa.

Miyambo yayitali yakuderali popanga zakumwa zam'mafakitale idayamba mu 1911, pomwe Keravan Höyrypanimo Osakeyhtiö idakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa Vehkalantie yamasiku ano. Kuphatikiza pa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, mandimu ndi madzi amchere adapangidwanso m'ma 1920s. Mu 1931, Keravan Panimo Oy inayamba kugwira ntchito m'malo omwewo, koma ntchito yake yodalirika, komanso yopangira mowa wamphamvu, inatha mu 1940 nkhondo yachisanu inayamba.

Oy Savion Kumitehdas idakhazikitsidwa mu 1925 ndipo mwachangu adakhala wolemba ntchito wamkulu mderali: fakitaleyo idapereka ntchito pafupifupi 800. Fakitaleyo idapanga ma Wellies ndi nsapato za mphira komanso zinthu zaluso zamphira monga ma hose, mphasa za rabala ndi ma gaskets. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, fakitale idaphatikizidwa ndi Suomen Gummitehdas Oy kuchokera ku Nokia. Kalelo m'ma 1970, madipatimenti osiyanasiyana a fakitale adalemba antchito pafupifupi 500 ku Kerava. Ntchito zamafakitale zidachepetsedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980.

Zakale zaluso

"Korona wa nickel" wagolide wa malaya a Kerava amaimira mgwirizano wopangidwa ndi kalipentala. Mutu wa malaya opangidwa ndi Ahti Hammar umachokera ku mafakitale amatabwa, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha Kerava. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Kerava ankadziwika kuti ndi tawuni ya akalipentala, pamene mafakitale awiri otchuka a ukalipentala, Kerava Puusepäntehdas ndi Kerava Puuteollisuus Oy, ankagwira ntchito m'derali.

Ntchito za Keravan Puuteollisuus Oy zinayamba mu 1909 pansi pa dzina lakuti Keravan Mylly- ja Puunjalostus Osakeyhtiö. Kuchokera m'zaka za m'ma 1920, ntchito yaikulu yopangira fakitale inali katundu wopangidwa, monga mazenera ndi zitseko, koma mu 1942 ntchitozo zinakulitsidwa ndi fakitale yamakono yamakono. Wopanga Ilmari Tapiovaara, yemwe amadziwika kuti nkhondo itatha, anali ndi udindo wopanga mipando, yemwe mpando wake wa Domus wokhazikika kuchokera pamipando yopangidwa kuti apange fakitale wakhala wapamwamba wopanga mipando. Fakitale inagwira ntchito ku Kerava mpaka 1965.

Keravan Puuseppäntehdas, yemwe poyamba anali Kervo Snickerifabrik - Keravan Puuseppätehdas, adayambitsidwa ndi akalipentala asanu ndi limodzi mu 1908. Anakula mofulumira kukhala imodzi mwa mafakitale amakono a kalipentala m'dziko lathu. Nyumba ya fakitale inakwera pakati pa Kerava m’mphepete mwa Valtatie yakale (yomwe tsopano ndi Kauppakaari) ndipo inakulitsidwa kangapo mkati mwa ntchito ya fakitaleyo. Kuyambira pachiyambi, ntchitoyi imayang'ana kwambiri kupanga mipando ndi mkati mwathunthu.

Mu 1919, Stockmann adakhala wogawana nawo wamkulu pafakitale komanso akatswiri ambiri odziwika amkati anthawiyo adapanga mipando ya fakitale muofesi yojambulira sitolo, monga Werner West, Harry Röneholm, Olof Ottelin ndi Margaret T. Nordman. Kuphatikiza pa mipando, ofesi yojambulira ya Stockmann idapanganso zamkati zamalo onse agulu komanso achinsinsi. Mwachitsanzo, mipando yanyumba yamalamulo imapangidwa ku Kerava's Pusepäntehta. Fakitaleyi inkadziwika kuti ndi yopangidwa mwaluso, koma nthawi yomweyo zinthu zomwe zili zoyenera kwa anthu ambiri, komanso zopangira malo a anthu. M'zaka za m'ma 1960, Stockmann adagula malo a Kerava Carpentry Factory pakati pa Kerava ndipo anamanga malo atsopano opangira mafakitale m'dera la mafakitale la Ahjo, kumene fakitale inapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980.

Fakitale yowunikira Orno idagwiranso ntchito ku Kerava, ya Stockmann. Poyambirira idakhazikitsidwa ku Helsinki mu 1921 pansi pa dzina la Taidetakomo Orno Konstmideri, fakitaleyo inali ya kampani ya sitolo mu 1936, pambuyo pake ntchitoyi idasamutsidwa ku Kerava. Nthawi yomweyo, dzinalo linakhala Oy Orno Ab (kenako Orno Metallitehdas).

Fakitaleyi inkadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake owunikira, komanso monga wopanga zowunikira zamakono. Nyalizo zidapangidwanso muofesi yojambulira ya Stockmann ndipo, monga mipando ya Puusepäntehta, mayina angapo odziwika bwino m'munda ndi omwe adapanga mapangidwewo, monga Yki Nummi, Lisa Johansson-Pape, Heikki Turunen ndi Klaus Michalik. Fakitale ndi ntchito zake zidagulitsidwa mu 1985 ku Swedish Järnkonst Ab Asea kenako mu 1987 kupita ku Thorn Lightning, monga gawo lomwe kupanga kuyatsa kudapitilira mpaka 2002.

Kuchokera ku shopu kupita ku mzinda

Mzinda wa Kerava unakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la boma mu 1924, pamene panali anthu 3. Korso poyamba inali mbali ya Kerava, koma mu 083 inaphatikizidwa mu mzinda wakumidzi wa Helsinki panthawiyo. Kukhala wamalonda kumatanthauza kudziyimira pawokha kwa Kerava kuchokera ku Tuusula, ndipo maziko achitukuko chokonzekera chaderali kupita ku mzinda wapano adayamba kuwonekera.

Poyamba, Sampola inali likulu la zamalonda la tauni yomwe idangokhazikitsidwa kumene, koma pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1920 idasunthira pang'onopang'ono kumalo ake omwe ali kumadzulo kwa njanji. Panalinso nyumba zingapo zamwala pakati pa nyumba zamatabwa zapakati. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana ankachitika pa Vanhalle Valtatie (yomwe tsopano ndi Kauppakaari), yomwe imadutsa m'magulu apakati. Misewu yamatabwa inamangidwa m'mphepete mwa misewu yokhala ndi miyala yomwe ili pakati, yomwe inkatumikira anthu okhala m'dongo, makamaka m'nyengo ya masika.

Msewu waukulu wa Helsinki-Lahti unamalizidwa mu 1959, zomwe zinawonjezeranso kukongola kwa Kerava kuchokera kumalo okhudzana ndi mayendedwe. Chisankho chofunikira pazachitukuko chamatauni chidapangidwa koyambirira kwa 1960s, pomwe lingaliro la msewu wa mphete lidatuluka chifukwa champikisano wa zomangamanga womwe unakonzedwa kuti ukonzenso pakati pa mzindawu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yomanga pakati pa mzinda womwe ukuyenda pang'onopang'ono m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Pakatikati pa pulani yapakati ndi msewu woyenda pansi, womwe ndi woyamba ku Finland.

Kerava inakhala mzinda mu 1970. Chifukwa cha mayendedwe ake abwino a zoyendera ndi kusamuka kwamphamvu, chiwerengero cha anthu a mumzinda watsopanowu chinawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri pazaka khumi: mu 1980 panali anthu 23. Mu 850, Chiwonetsero chachitatu cha Nyumba za ku Finnish chinakonzedwa ku Jaakkola adapangitsa Kerava kutchuka ndikuyika malowo pamalo owonekera mdziko lonse. Aurinkomäki, yomwe ili m'malire ndi msewu wa anthu oyenda pansi pakatikati pa mzindawo, idapangidwa kudzera m'mipikisano yambiri yamapangidwe kuchokera ku paki yachilengedwe kukhala malo osangalalira anthu amtawuniyi komanso komwe kunachitika zochitika zambiri koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1974.

Chikhalidwe chosiyana m'tauni yaying'ono

Masiku ano, ku Kerava, anthu amakhala ndi kusangalala ndi moyo mumzinda wokangalika komanso wosangalatsa wokhala ndi mwayi wochita zosangalatsa komanso zochitika nthawi iliyonse. Mbiri ya deralo ndi zodziwika bwino zimawonedwa m'malo ambiri okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe ndi zochitika zakutawuni. Kudzimva ngati mudzi kumamveka kwambiri ngati gawo la keravala lamasiku ano. Mu 2024, Kerava idzakhala mzinda wokhala ndi anthu oposa 38, omwe chikondwerero chawo cha 000 chidzakondwerera ndi mphamvu ya mzinda wonse.

Ku Kerava, zinthu zakhala zikuchitika limodzi. Lamlungu lachiwiri la Juni, Tsiku la Kerava limakondwerera, mu Ogasiti pali Zikondwerero za Garlic, ndipo mu Seputembala pamakhala chisangalalo pa Msika wa Circus, womwe umalemekeza mwambo wapamzindawu womwe unayamba mu 1888 komanso zochitika za banja lodziwika bwino la Sariola la carnivals. M'zaka za 1978-2004, Circus Market yomwe inakonzedwa ndi Kerava Art and Culture Association inalinso chochitika chozikidwa pazochitika za nzika, ndi ndalama zomwe bungweli linapeza luso lotolera zojambulajambula, zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa ku 1990 ndikusungidwa ndi anthu odzipereka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Masiku ano, lusoli likhoza kuwonetsedwa m'mawonetsero olemekezeka a Art and Museum Center Sinka, komwe, kuwonjezera pa zojambulajambula, zochitika zosangalatsa za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha mafakitale a Kerava zimaperekedwa. Mutha kuphunzira za mbiri yakumaloko komanso moyo wakumidzi m'mbuyomu ku Heikkilä Homeland Museum. Kusandutsa famu yakale yakunyumba kukhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kumabadwanso kuchokera ku chikondi cha anthu akumudzi kwawo. Kerava Seura ry, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1955. anali ndi udindo woyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Heikkilä Homeland Museum mpaka 1986, ndipo amasonkhanitsabe omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mbiri yakumaloko mozungulira zochitika, maphunziro ndi zofalitsa.

• Pitani patsamba la Sinka.
• Pitani patsamba la Sinka kuti muwerenge zambiri za Heikkilä.

Mu 1904, Hufvudstadsbladet analemba za tauni yathanzi komanso yowoneka bwino ya Kerava. Kuyandikana ndi chilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe zimawonekerabe m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wamzindawu. Mayankho omanga okhazikika, okhala ndi moyo akuyesedwa mdera la Kivisilla, lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa Keravanjoki. Pafupi, pafupi ndi Kerava Manor, Society for Sustainable Living imagwira ntchito ya Jalotus, yomwe imalimbikitsa ndi kutsogolera anthu kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa moyo kosatha. Mtundu wa malingaliro obwezeretsanso umatsatiridwanso ndi Puppa ry, yemwe adayambitsa lingaliro la Purkutade, chifukwa nyumba zambiri zowonongeka zalandira zojambula pamakoma awo ndikusanduka malo owonetserako kwakanthawi.

Chikhalidwe ndi moyo ku Kerava mulimonse. Mzindawu uli ndi sukulu yophunzitsa ana, sukulu yovina, sukulu yanyimbo, Vekara Theatre komanso bwalo lamasewera la Central Uusimaa Theatre KUT. Ku Kerava, kuwonjezera pa chikhalidwe, mutha kusangalala ndi masewera osiyanasiyana, ndipo ngakhale mzindawu utasankhidwa mu 2024 kukhala mzinda wotsogola kwambiri ku Finland. Miyambo ya kuyenda m'mudzimo ndithu yaitali: wotchuka Kerava wokhala nthawi zonse mwina ngwazi Olympic, ngwazi wothamanga Volmari Iso-Hollo (1907-1969), amene namesake lalikulu ndi fano lake lili pafupi Kerava sitima. siteshoni.