Historia

Peji zvemukati

Prehistory
Medieval musha chimiro uye Kerava land registry dzimba
Inguva yekugara
The njanji uye maindasitiri
The artic yapfuura
Kubva kuchitoro kuenda kuguta
Hunhu hwakasiyana mudhorobha diki revanhu

Prehistory

Kerava yakatogarwa makore 9 apfuura, apo vanhu veStone Age vakasvika munzvimbo iyi mushure meIce Age. Nekunyunguduka kweaizi yekondinendi, inenge Finland yose yakanga ichiri kufukidzwa nemvura, uye vanhu vokutanga munharaunda yeKerava vakagara pazvitsuwa zviduku zvakasimuka kubva mumvura sezvo nyika yaikwira. Sezvo mamiriro okunze aidziya uye pasi richiramba richikwira, hovha yeAncylysjärvi yakaumbwa pedyo neKeravanjoki, iyo yakazopinda mufjord yeLitorinameri. Mupata werwizi wakafukidzwa nevhu wakazvarwa.

Stone Age Kerava vanhu vakawana chikafu chavo nekuvhima zvisimbiso uye kubata hove. Nzvimbo dzekugara dzakagadzirwa maererano nekutenderera kwegore uko kwaive nemhuka yakakwana. Sehumbowo hwekudya kwevagari vekare, iyo pfupa chip yakawanikwa yeStone Age yekugara yePisinmäki, iri mudunhu razvino reLapila, yakachengetedzwa. Kubva pane izvi, tinogona kuziva zvaivhimwa nevagari venguva iyoyo.

Eight Stone Age pekugara akawanikwa muKerava, iyo nzvimbo dzeRajamäentie neMikkola dzakaparadzwa. Kuwanikwa kwenyika kwakaitwa kunyanya kumadokero kweKeravanjoki uye munzvimbo dzejeri reJaakkola, Ollilanlaakso, Kaskela neKerava.

Kubva pane zvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo, huwandu hwekugara hwakagara munzvimbo yakatenderedza 5000 makore apfuura panguva yeNeoceramic tsika. Panguva iyoyo, vagari vomumupata werwizi vaichengetawo mombe uye vaitema masango ari pedyo nerwizi kuti vawane mafuro. Nekudaro, hakuna Bronze kana Iron Age yekugara inozivikanwa kubva kuKerava. Nekudaro, nyika yega inowanikwa kubva kuIron Age inotaura nezverumwe rudzi rwekuvapo kwevanhu.

Medieval musha chimiro uye Kerava land registry dzimba

Mazita ekutanga akanyorwa eKerava muzvinyorwa zvekare zvakadzokera kuma1440s. Icho chikumbiro pamusoro pemitongo yemuganhu pakati peKerava neMårtensby, muridzi weSipoo. Muchiitiko ichocho, misha yemisha yakanga yatove yakaumbwa munharaunda, matanho ekutanga ayo asingazivikanwe, asi zvichibva pazita rezita, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakasvika munharaunda kubva kumativi ose enyika uye kumhenderekedzo. Kugara kwekutanga kwemusha kunofanirwa kunge kuri pane yazvino Kerava manor chikomo, kubva uko kwakapararira kune yakatenderedza Ali-Keravan, Lapila neHeikkilänmäki.

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 1400, kugara munzvimbo iyi kwakakamurwa kuva misha yeAli neYli-Kerava. Muna 1543, kwaiva nenzvimbo 12 dzokubhadhara mutero mumusha weAli-Kerava uye nhanhatu mumusha weYli-Kerava. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vari mumisha yeboka yedzimba shomanene kumativi ose orwizi rwaKeravanjoki uye pedyo nomugwagwa unomonereka mhiri kwenharaunda yacho.

Izvi zvivakwa zvakataurwa mune yekutanga nyika rejista yezana ramakore rechi 1500, i.e. marejista evhu, anowanzo kunzi Kerava kantatils kana dzimba dzekunyoresa nyika. Ali-Keravan Mikkola, Inkilä, Jaakkola, Jokimies, Jäspilä, Jurvala, Nissilä, Ollila naTäckerman (gare gare Hakala) uye Yli-Keravan Postlar, Skogster naHeikkilä vanozivikanwa nemazita. Mapurazi acho akanga ane minda yawo yakakamurwa, uye misha yose iri miviri yakanga ine masango ayo akabatanidzwa nemafuro. Maererano nefungidziro, kwaingova nevagari vari pasi pemazana mashoma.

Mukutonga, misha iyi yaive yeSipoo kusvika paramende yeTuusula yakavambwa muna 1643 uye Kerava yakava chikamu cheTuusula paramende. Huwandu hwedzimba nevagari hwakaramba hwakagadzikana kwenguva yakareba, kunyangwe mumakumi emakore mamwe mapurazi ekare akakamurwa, akasiiwa kana kubatanidzwa sechikamu cheKerava manor, uye mapurazi matsva akamiswa zvakare. Muna 1860, zvakadaro, pakanga patova nedzimba dzevarimi makumi maviri nematanhatu uye dzimba mbiri mumisha yeAli neYli-Kerava. Huwandu hwevanhu hwaive hunosvika mazana mana nemakumi mashanu.

Inguva yekugara

Nzvimbo yeKerava manor, kana Humleberg, yakagarwa kubvira kuma1580s, asi kusimukira kuita purazi hombe kwakatanga chaizvo muzana ramakore rechi1600, apo Berendes, mwanakomana watenzi webhiza Fredrik Joakim, aive muridzi wepurazi. . Berendes akatarisira chivako kubva muna 1634 uye nechinangwa chekuwedzera nzvimbo yake nekubatanidza dzimba dzakawanda dzevarimi munharaunda dzisingakwanisi kubhadhara mutero. Tenzi, uyo akazvisiyanisa mumakwikwi akawanda ehondo, akapiwa chinzvimbo chepamusoro muna 1649 uye panguva imwechete akatora zita rokuti Stålhjelm. Sekureva kwemishumo, chivakwa chikuru cheiyo manor chaive nemakamuri gumi nemanomwe panguva yaStålhjelm.

Mushure mekufa kwaStålhjelm nechirikadzi yake Anna, huridzi hwemanor hwakapfuura kumhuri yekuzvarwa yeGerman von Schrowe. Manor aive nenguva yakaoma panguva yerusaruro, apo vaRussia vakaipisa pasi. Corporal Gustav Johan Blåfield, muridzi wekupedzisira wemhuri ya von Schrowe, aive muridzi we manor kusvika 1743.

Mushure meizvozvo, manor aive nevaridzi vakati wandei, kusvika pakupera kwema1770s Johan Sederholm, chipangamazano wevatengesi kubva kuHelsinki, akatenga uye akadzorera purazi pakubwinya kwaro kutsva. Mushure meizvi, manor akakurumidza kutengeswa kune knight Karl Otto Nassokin, ane mhuri yake ine manor kwemakore makumi mashanu, kusvikira mhuri yeJaekellit yava muridzi kuburikidza newanano. Ikozvino chivakwa chikuru chakatanga kubva panguva ino yeJaekellis, kutanga kwezana remakore rechi50.

Muna 1919, wekupedzisira Jaekell, Muzvare Olivia, aine makore makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe, akatengesa manor kune zita raSipoo Ludvig Moring, panguva iyo manor akawana nguva itsva yebudiriro. Moring akagadziridza chivakwa chikuru che manor muna 79, uye ndizvo zvakaita manor nhasi. Mushure meMoring, manor akaendeswa kuguta reKerava muna 1928 maererano nekutengeswa kwevhu.

Imwe manor yaishanda muKerava, Lapila manor, inoratidzika sezita mumagwaro kekutanga pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi1600, apo munhu anonzi Yrjö Tuomaanpoika, kureva Yrjö weLapila, anodudzwa pakati pevagari vomumusha weYli-Kerava. . Zvinozivikanwa kuti Lapila yaive purazi rekubhadhara revakuru kwemakore akati wandei, kudzamara yaiswa kune Kerava manor muma1640s. Pashure pacho, Lapila akashanda sechikamu chemusha wacho, kusvikira muna 1822 purazi racho rapfuura kumhuri yekwaSevén. Mhuri yakabata nzvimbo yacho kwemakore makumi mashanu.

Mushure meSevény, Lapila manor inotengeswa muzvikamu kune varidzi vatsva. Chivako chikuru chazvino chave kubva pakutanga kwema1880, apo kaputeni wehunde Sundman aive tenzi weiyo manor. Chikamu chitsva chinonakidza munhoroondo yaLapila chakauya apo vanamuzvinabhizimisi vekuHelsinki, kusanganisira Julius Tallberg naLars Krogius, vakatenga nzvimbo iyi muzita refekitari yezvidhina yavakanga vavamba. Mushure mematambudziko ekutanga, fekitori yakatora zita rekuti Kervo Tegelbruk Ab uye Lapila akaramba ari mukambani kusvika 1962, mushure mezvo manor akatengeswa kudhorobha reKerava.

The njanji uye maindasitiri

Kufambiswa kwemotokari pachikamu chekutanga chevafambi venjanji yeFinnish, mutsetse weHelsinki-Hämeenlinna, yakatanga muna 1862. Chitima ichi chinoyambuka Kerava kunenge kureba kweguta. Yakagonesawo kusimudzira kweindasitiri yeKerava panguva imwe chete.

Kutanga kwakauya mafekitari ezvidhina, ayo aishandisa ivhu revhu renzvimbo yacho. Zvidhinha zvinoverengeka zvakashanda munharaunda yacho kare kuma1860, uye fekitari yekutanga yeFinland yakatangwawo munzvimbo iyi muna 1869. Chinonyanya kukosha pakuvaka zvidhinha chaiva Kervo Tegelsbruks Ab (gare gare AB Kervo Tegelbruk), yakatangwa muna 1889, uye Oy Savion. Tiilitehdas, iyo yakatanga kushanda muna 1910. Kervo Tegelbruk ainyanya kutarisisa kugadzirwa kwezvidhinha zvakajairika, ukuwo Savion Tiiletehta akagadzira zvinenge makumi matatu zvakasiyana zvezvidhinha.

Tsika refu dzenzvimbo mukugadzirwa kwezvinwiwa zvemaindasitiri zvakatanga muna 1911, apo Keravan Höyrypanimo Osakeyhtiö yakavambwa pakutanga kweVehkalantie yanhasi. Pamusoro pezvinwiwa zvinyoro zvemalt, maramu uye mvura yemamineral zvakare yakagadzirwa muma1920s. Muna 1931, Keravan Panimo Oy yakatanga kushanda munzvimbo imwechete, asi kushanda kwayo kwaivimbisa, zvakare semugadziri wemadoro akasimba, yakapera muna 1940 mushure mekutanga kwehondo yechando.

Oy Savion Kumitehdas yakavambwa muna 1925 uye nekukurumidza ikava mushandirwi mukuru munzvimbo iyi: fekitori yakapa anenge mazana masere mabasa. Fekitori iyi yakagadzira mawellies neshangu dzerabha pamwe nezvigadzirwa zverabha zvehunyanzvi zvakaita sehosi, meti dzerabha uye gaskets. Mukutanga kwema800, fekitori yakabatanidzwa neSuomen Gummitehdas Oy kubva kuNokia. Kare muma1930, madhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana efekitari akashandisa vanenge 1970 vashandi muKerava. Kushanda kwefekitari kwakaderedzwa mukupera kwema500.

The artic yapfuura

Iyo yegoridhe "nickel korona" yejasi remaoko raKerava inomiririra kubatana kwakaitwa nemuvezi. Dingindira rejasi remaoko rakagadzirwa naAhti Hammar rinobva kuindasitiri yehuni, iyo inonyanya kukosha pakukura kweKerava. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi1900, Kerava yainyatsozivikanwa setaundi revezi, apo mafekitori maviri ane mukurumbira ekuveza, Kerava Puusepäntehdas neKerava Puuteollisuus Oy, akashanda munzvimbo iyi.

Keravan Puuteollisuus Oy mashandiro akatanga muna 1909 pasi pezita rekuti Keravan Mylly- ja Puunjalostus Osakeyhtiö. Kubva kuma1920, nzvimbo huru yekugadzira fekitori yaive zvinhu zvakarongwa, zvakaita semahwindo nemagonhi, asi muna 1942 mabasa akawedzerwa nefekitari yemazuva ano serial fenicha. Mugadziri Ilmari Tapiovaara, anozivikanwa mushure mehondo, ndiye aitarisira dhizaini yefenicha, iyo inogadzika chigaro cheDomus kubva kumhando dzefenicha dzakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa kwefekitori chave chinyakare chekugadzira fenicha. Fekitori yakashanda muKerava kusvika 1965.

Keravan Puuseppäntehdas, pakutanga Kervo Snickerifabrik - Keravan Puuseppätehdas, yakatangwa nevavezi vatanhatu muna 1908. Yakakura nokukurumidza ikava imwe yefekitari yekuveza yemazuva ano munyika yedu. Chivako chefekitari chakasimuka pakati peKerava chichitevedza Valtatie yekare (zvino yava Kauppakaari) uye chakawedzerwa kanoverengeka mukati mokushanda kwefekitari. Kubva pakutanga, kuvhiyiwa kwaive kwakanangana nekugadzirwa kwefenicha uye mukati memukati mese.

Muna 1919, Stockmann akava mugoveri mukuru wefekitari uye vazhinji vevagadziri vemukati vane mukurumbira panguva iyoyo vakagadzirirwa fenicha yefekitari muhofisi yekudhirowa yechitoro, saWerner West, Harry Röneholm, Olof Ottelin naMargaret T. Nordman. Pamusoro pefenicha, hofisi yekudhirowa yeStockmann yakagadzira zvemukati zvenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nedzakavanzika. Semuenzaniso, fenicha iri muchivakwa cheParamende inogadzirwa kuKerava's Pusepäntehta. Iyo fekitari yaizivikanwa semugadziri wezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi, asi panguva imwechete zvigadzirwa zvakakodzerwa nevateereri vakawanda, pamwe chete nemugadziri wenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Mumakore ekuma1960, Stockmann akatenga nzvimbo yeKerava Carpentry Factory pakati peKerava uye akavaka zvivako zvitsva zvekugadzira munzvimbo yeindasitiri yeAhjo, uko fekitari yakaramba ichishanda kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1980.

Iyo fekitori yekuvhenekesa Orno zvakare yakashanda muKerava, yeStockmann. Pakutanga yakavambwa muHelsinki muna 1921 pasi pezita rekuti Taidetakomo Orno Konstmideri, fekitori yaive yekambani yechitoro chedhipatimendi muna 1936, mushure mezvo basa racho rakaendeswa kuKerava. Panguva imwecheteyo, zita rakazova Oy Orno Ab (gare gare Orno Metallitehdas).

Iyo fekitori yaizivikanwa kunyanya nekuda kwekugadzira kwayo mwenje, asiwo semugadziri wemagetsi emagetsi. Marambi akagadzirwawo muhofisi yekudhirowa yeStockmann uye, sefenicha yePuusepäntehta, mazita akati wandei anozivikanwa mumunda ndiwo aikonzera dhizaini, akadai saYki Nummi, Lisa Johansson-Pape, Heikki Turunen naKlaus Michalik. Iyo fekitori nemashandiro ayo zvakatengeswa muna 1985 kuSweden Järnkonst Ab Asea uyezve muna 1987 kuenda kuThorn Lightning, sechikamu chekugadzirwa kwemwenje kwakaenderera kusvika 2002.

Kubva kuchitoro kuenda kuguta

Guta reKerava rakavambwa nemutemo wehurumende muna 1924, paive nevagari 3 083. Korso pakutanga yaivewo chikamu cheKerava, asi muna 1954 yakabatanidzwa mune iyo panguva iyoyo Helsinki yekumaruwa masepala. Kuve mushambadzi zvaireva rusununguko rwekutonga kweKerava kubva kuTuusula, uye hwaro hwebudiriro yakarongwa yenzvimbo yakananga kuguta razvino yakatanga kubuda.

Pakutanga, Sampola yaive nzvimbo yekutengeserana yetaundi rakanga richangobva kuvambwa, asi mushure memakore ekuma1920s zvishoma nezvishoma yakatamira kunzvimbo yayo yazvino kumadokero kwenjanji. Paivawo nedzimba shoma dzematombo pakati pedzimba dzemapuranga pakati. Mabasa madiki akasiyana-siyana akaiswa paVanhalle Valtatie (yava kunzi Kauppakaari), iyo inofamba nepakati pemubatanidzwa. Nzira dzemapuranga dzakavakwa pamicheto yemigwagwa ine matombo-matombo pakati, iyo yaishandira vagari venyika yevhu, kunyanya muchirimo.

Iyo Helsinki-Lahti trunk road yakapedzwa muna 1959, iyo zvakare yakawedzera kukwezva kweKerava kubva pakuona kwekubatana kwekufambisa. Sarudzo yakakosha maererano nekuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha yakaitwa mukutanga kwema1960, apo pfungwa yemugwagwa wemhete yakabuda nekuda kwemakwikwi ekuvaka akarongwa kuvandudza pakati peguta. Izvi zvakagadzira hurongwa hwekuvakwa kwenzvimbo yedhorobha inorerekera kumigwagwa mukati memakore gumi anotevera. Mwongo wechirongwa chepakati mugwagwa wevanofamba netsoka, imwe yekutanga muFinland.

Kerava yakava guta muna 1970. Nemhaka yekubatana kwayo kwekutakura kwakanaka uye kutama kwakasimba, vagari veguta idzva vakada kuwedzera kaviri mukati memakore gumi: muna 1980 maiva nevagari ve23 850. Muna 1974, yechitatu Finnish Housing Fair yakarongwa muJaakkola. akaita kuti Kerava akurumbire uye akaisa nzvimbo yacho munzvimbo inotariswa nenyika. Aurinkomäki, yakatarisana nemugwagwa wevanofamba netsoka pakati peguta, yakagadziridzwa kuburikidza akati wandei dhizaini makwikwi kubva kupaki yechisikigo ikava nzvimbo yekutandarira yevagari vedhorobha uye chiitiko chezviitiko zvakawanda mukutanga ma1980s.

Hunhu hwakasiyana mudhorobha diki revanhu

Nhasi, muKerava, vanhu vanogara nekunakidzwa nehupenyu muguta rinoshanda uye rine hupenyu rine mikana yekuzvivaraidza uye zviitiko panguva yese. Nhoroondo yenzvimbo uye kuzivikanwa kwakasiyana kunogona kuonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda ane chokuita netsika dzemumaguta nezviitwa. Manzwiro akaita semusha wenharaunda anonzwika zvakanyanya sechikamu chemazuva ano keravala. Muna 2024, Kerava ichava guta revanhu vanopfuura 38, avo vane makore zana vachapembererwa nesimba reguta rose.

KuKerava, zvinhu zvagara zvichiitwa pamwe chete. Pakupera kwesvondo rechipiri raChikumi, Kerava Day inopembererwa, muna Nyamavhuvhu kune Garlic Mhemberero uye munaGunyana kune mafaro paCircus Market, inokudza tsika yedhorobha yecarnival yakatanga muna 1888 uye zviitiko zvemhuri ine mukurumbira yeSariola. Mumakore 1978-2004, Circus Market yakarongwa neKerava art and culture association yakambove chiitiko chakavakirwa pachiitiko chevagari vega, nemari iyo sangano rakawana hunyanzvi hwekuunganidza art museum, yakavambwa mu. 1990 uye yakachengetedzwa nevazvipiri kwenguva yakareba.

Nhasi, hunyanzvi hunogona kuvonekwa mune dzinozivikanwa kuratidzwa kweArt uye Museum Center Sinka, uko, mukuwedzera kune art, zvinonakidza zvetsika zviitiko uye Kerava's indasitiri dhizaini tsika inoratidzwa. Iwe unogona kudzidza nezve nhoroondo yenzvimbo uye hupenyu hwekumaruwa munguva yakapfuura paHeikkilä Homeland Museum. Kushandura purazi rekare rekumusha kuita museum zvakare kunozvarwa kubva murudo rwetaundi rekumusha kwevanhu. Kerava Seura ry, yakavambwa muna 1955. yaive nebasa rekuchengetedza Heikkilä Homeland Museum kusvika 1986, uye ichiri kuunganidza avo vanofarira nhoroondo yenzvimbo yakatenderedza zviitiko zvakabatana, hurukuro uye zvinyorwa.

• Enda kune webhusaiti yeSinka.
• Enda kune webhusaiti yeSinka kuti uverenge zvakawanda nezve Heikkilä.

Muna 1904, Hufvudstadsbladet akanyora nezveguta rine hutano uye rinoyevedza villa yeKerava. Kuswedera kune zvakasikwa uye ecological values ​​zvichiri kuoneka muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweguta. Mhinduro dzekuvaka kwakasimba, kugara uye mararamiro ari kuedzwa munzvimbo yeKivisilla, iri padivi peKeravanjoki. Pedyo, padyo neKerava Manor, Sosaiti yeKurarama Kwakagadzikana inoshandisa Jalotus, iyo inokurudzira uye inotungamira vanhu mukuita shanduko yehupenyu inoenderera. Imwe mhando yepfungwa yekudzokorodza zvakare inoteverwa naPuppa ry, iyo yakatanga pfungwa yePurkutade, nekuda kwekuti dzimba zhinji dzakaputswa dzakagamuchira graffiti pamadziro avo uye dzakashandurwa kuita nzvimbo yekuratidzira yechinguvana.

Hupenyu hwetsika hune hupenyu muKerava zvakadaro. Guta rine chikoro chevana chekuona arts, chikoro chekutamba, chikoro chemimhanzi, Vekara Theatre uye mubatanidzwa-based professional theatre Central Uusimaa Theatre KUT. MuKerava, mukuwedzera kune tsika, unogona kunakidzwa nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana, uye kunyangwe guta rikadomwa muna 2024 kuti rive iro rinonyanya kufambisa masepala muFinland. Tsika dzekufamba mumusha dzakarebesa: anonyanya kuzivikanwa Kerava mugari wenguva dzese angangove shasha yeOlympic, shasha inomhanya Volmari Iso-Hollo (1907-1969), ane mazita akaenzana ane chifananidzo chayo chiri pedyo nechitima cheKerava. chiteshi.