Historia

Umxholo wephepha

Imbali
Ubume belali ephakathi kunye nezindlu zerejista yomhlaba yaseKerava
Ixesha le-manors
Umzila kaloliwe kunye noshishino
Ixesha elidlulileyo lobugcisa
Ukusuka kwivenkile ukuya kwisixeko
Inkcubeko eyahlukileyo kwidolophu encinci edibeneyo

Imbali

I-Kerava sele ihlalwe kwiminyaka eyi-9 eyadlulayo, xa abantu be-Stone Age bafika kule ndawo emva kwe-Ice Age. Ngokunyibilika komkhenkce welizwekazi, phantse yonke iFinland yayisagutyungelwe ngamanzi, yaye abantu bokuqala kummandla waseKerava bazinza kwiziqithi ezincinane eziphuma emanzini njengoko umhlaba wawusanda. Njengoko imozulu yayisiba shushu nomgangatho womhlaba uqhubeka usanda, umqolomba waseAncylysjärvi wasekwa kufuphi neKeravanjoki, eyathi ekugqibeleni yaya kutshona kwifjord yaseLitorinameri. Kwavela intlambo yomlambo egqunywe ludongwe.

I-Stone Age abantu baseKerava bafumana ukutya kwabo ngokuzingela izinja zaselwandle kunye nokuloba. Iindawo zokuhlala zadalwa ngokomjikelo wonyaka apho kwakukho amaxhoba awoneleyo. Njengobungqina bokutya kwabemi bakudala, itshiphu yamathambo efunyenwe kwindawo yokuhlala yeStone Age yasePisinmäki, ekwisithili sangoku saseLapila, iye yagcinwa. Ngokusekelwe koku, sinokuxela oko babezingela abemi belo xesha.

Iindawo zokuhlala ezisibhozo zeStone Age zifunyenwe eKerava, apho iRajamäentie kunye neMikkola iindawo ziye zatshatyalaliswa. Ukufunyanwa komhlaba kuye kwenziwa ngokukodwa kwicala elingasentshona laseKeravanjoki nakwiindawo zentolongo yaseJaakkola, Ollilanlaakso, Kaskela naseKerava.

Ngokusekwe kokufunyenweyo kwizinto zakudala, abantu abasisigxina bahlala kwindawo malunga ne-5000 yeminyaka eyadlulayo ngexesha lenkcubeko ye-Neoceramic. Ngelo xesha, abemi bentlambo yomlambo nabo babefuye iinkomo yaye begawula amahlathi agudle umlambo ukuze bafumane amadlelo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ndawo yokuhlala yeBronze okanye ye-Iron Age eyaziwayo evela eKerava. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba ngamnye ofunyenwe kwi-Iron Age uxela uhlobo oluthile lobukho bomntu.

Ubume belali ephakathi kunye nezindlu zerejista yomhlaba yaseKerava

Iingxelo zokuqala ezibhaliweyo zeKerava kumaxwebhu embali abuyele kwi-1440s. Sisikhalazo malunga nezigwebo zomda phakathi kweKerava kunye neMårtensby, umnini weSipoo. Kwimeko apho, ukuhlaliswa kweelali sele kuqulunqwe kule ndawo, izigaba zokuqala ezingaziwa, kodwa ngokusekelwe kwi-nomenclature, kunokucingelwa ukuba abemi bafika kwindawo ukusuka kumbindi kunye nonxweme. Indawo yokuqala yokuhlala yayimele ukuba yayikwinduli yeKerava Manor yangoku, ukusuka apho indawo yokuhlala yasasazeka ukuya kwi-Ali-Keravan, iLapila kunye neHeikkilänmäki.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1400, indawo yokuhlala yahlulahlulwe yaba ziilali zaseAli naseYli-Kerava. Ngowe-1543, kwakukho imihlaba yerhafu eyi-12 kwilali yaseAli-Kerava nezintandathu kwidolophana yaseYli-Kerava. Uninzi lwazo lwalumi kwiilali zamaqela ezindlu ezimbalwa kumacala omabini omlambo iKeravanjoki yaye kufuphi nendlela emajikojiko enqumla ummandla.

Ezi zakhiwo zikhankanywe kwirejista yomhlaba yokuqala yekhulu le-1500, oko kukuthi iirejista zomhlaba, zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yiKerava kantatils okanye izindlu zokubhalisa umhlaba. U-Ali-Keravan Mikkola, Inkilä, Jaakkola, Jokimies, Jäspilä, Jurvala, Nissilä, Ollila kunye noTäckerman (kamva uHakala) kunye noYli-Keravan Postlar, uSkogster noHeikkilä baziwa ngamagama. Ezi fama zazinemihlaba yazo eyahluliweyo, yaye zombini ezi lali zazinamahlathi namadlelo azo adibeneyo. Ngokoqikelelo, kwakukho abahlali abangaphantsi nje kwamakhulu ambalwa.

Ngokolawulo, ezi lali zazizezaseSipoo de kwasekwa icawa yaseTuusula ngo-1643 yaza iKerava yaba yinxalenye yecawa yaseTuusula. Inani lezindlu kunye nabahlali bahlala bengatshintshi ixesha elide, nangona kumashumi eminyaka ezinye iifama ezindala zahlulwa, zashiywa okanye zadityaniswa njengenxalenye ye-Kerava manor, kwaye iifama ezintsha nazo zasekwa. Ngo-1860, nangona kunjalo, kwakukho izindlu ezingama-26 zabalimi kunye nezindlu ezimbini kwiidolophana zase-Ali naseYli-Kerava. Abemi babemalunga nama-450.

Ixesha le-manors

Indawo ye-Kerava manor, okanye iHumleberg, ibimiwe ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1580s, kodwa uphuhliso lwaba yifama enkulu yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-1600, xa uBerendes, unyana wenkosi yamahashe uFredrik Joakim, wayengumnini wefama. . UBerendes walawula umhlaba ukususela ngo-1634 kwaye ngenjongo yokwandisa indawo yakhe ngokudibanisa izindlu ezininzi zabalimi abangakwazi ukuhlawula irhafu. Inkosi, eyabalula kumaphulo amaninzi asemkhosini, yanikwa iwonga elibekekileyo ngowe-1649 yaza kwangaxeshanye yafumana igama elithi Stålhjelm. Ngokweengxelo, esona sakhiwo siphambili sale manor sasinamagumbi afikelela kwi-17 ngexesha likaStålhjelm.

Emva kokusweleka kuka-Stålhjelm nomhlolokazi wakhe u-Anna, ubunini be-manor badlulela kusapho luka-von Schrowe owazalelwa eJamani. I-manor yaba nobunzima ngexesha leemfazwe, xa amaRashiya ayitshisa phantsi. UCorporal Gustav Johan Blåfield, umnini wokugqibela wosapho lakwavon Schrowe, waba ngumnini wale manor de kwangowe-1743.

Emva koko, i-manor yayinabanini abaliqela, de kwasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1770 uJohan Sederholm, umcebisi wabarhwebi waseHelsinki, wathenga waza wabuyisela ifama kuzuko lwayo olutsha. Emva koko, i-manor yathengiswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-knight uKarl Otto Nassokin, osapho lwakhe lwalune-manor iminyaka engama-50, de usapho lukaJaekellit lwaba ngumnini ngomtshato. Isakhiwo esikhoyo esikhoyo sisuka kweli xesha le-Jaekellis, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1800.

Ngo-1919, uJaekell wokugqibela, uNkosazana Olivia, eneminyaka engama-79 ubudala, wathengisa le manor kugama likaSipoo uLudvig Moring, apho lo manor wafumana ixesha elitsha lempumelelo. UMoring walungisa esona sakhiwo siphambili se-manor ngo-1928, kwaye le yindlela le manor namhlanje. Emva kwe-Moring, i-manor yatshintshelwa kwisixeko saseKerava ngo-1991 malunga nokuthengiswa komhlaba.

Enye imanor eyayisebenza eKerava, eLapila manor, ibonakala njengegama kumaxwebhu okwesihlandlo sokuqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-1600, xa umntu ogama linguYrjö Tuomaanpoika, oko kukuthi uYrjö waseLapila, ekhankanywa phakathi kwabahlali belali yaseYli-Kerava. . Kuyaziwa ukuba iLapila yayiyifama ehlawulwayo yamagosa iminyaka emininzi, de yadityaniswa kwi-Kerava manor kwi-1640s. Emva koko, uLapila wasebenza njengenxalenye yale fama, de kwangowe-1822 le fama yadlulela kwintsapho yakwaSevén. Usapho lwasindleka esi sithuba iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu.

Emva kweSevény, iLapila manor ithengiswa kwiindawo ezithile kubanini abatsha. Esona sakhiwo sikhoyo ngoku sisekuqalekeni kweminyaka yoo-1880, xa uKapteni wesiqu uSundman wayeyinkosi yendawo yokuhlala. Inqanaba elitsha elinomdla kwimbali kaLapila lafika xa oosomashishini baseHelsinki, kuquka uJulius Tallberg noLars Krogius, bathenga indawo egameni lomzi-mveliso wezitena ababewusekile. Emva kobunzima bokuqala, umzi-mveliso wathatha igama elithi Kervo Tegelbruk Ab kwaye iLapila yahlala ikwinkampani de kwangowe-1962, emva koko le manor yathengiswa kwilokishi yaseKerava.

Umzila kaloliwe kunye noshishino

Itrafikhi kwicandelo lokuqala labahambi bakaloliwe waseFinland, umzila weHelsinki-Hämeenlinna, waqala ngowe-1862. Lo mzila kaloliwe unqumla iKerava phantse kuyo yonke idolophu. Kwakhona kwenza uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yaseKerava ngexesha elinye.

Kwaqala kwavela imizi-mveliso yezitena, eyayisebenzisa umhlaba wodongwe waloo ndawo. Kwasetyenziswa izitena ezininzi kuloo mmandla kwangeminyaka yee-1860, yaye umzi-mveliso wesamente wokuqala waseFinland nawo wasekwa kulo mmandla ngowe-1869. Abona bakha babalulekileyo bokwakha yayiyiKervo Tegelsbruks Ab (kamva owaba nguAB Kervo Tegelbruk), eyasekwa ngowe-1889, kunye neOy Savion. Tiilitehdas, eyaqalisa ukusebenza ngowe-1910. I-Kervo Tegelbruk igxile kakhulu ekuvelisweni kwezitena eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-Savion Tiiletehta yavelisa phantse amashumi amathathu eemveliso ezahlukeneyo zezitena.

Izithethe ezinde zale ndawo ekuvelisweni kweziselo zemalt kwimizi-mveliso zaqala ngo-1911, xa iKeravan Höyrypanimo Osakeyhtiö yasekwa ekuqaleni kweVehkalantie yanamhlanje. Ukongeza kwiziselo ezithambileyo zemalt, iilemonadi kunye namanzi amaminerali zaveliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1920. Ngo-1931, i-Keravan Panimo Oy yaqala ukusebenza kwindawo efanayo, kodwa umsebenzi wayo othembisayo, njengomvelisi weebhiya ezinamandla, yaphela ngo-1940 emva kokuqala kwemfazwe yasebusika.

I-Oy Savion Kumitehdas yasekwa ngo-1925 kwaye yakhawuleza yaba ngoyena mqeshi mkhulu kule ndawo: umzi-mveliso wabonelela ngemisebenzi ephantse ibe ngama-800. Umzi-mveliso uvelise i-wellies kunye nezihlangu zerabha kunye neemveliso zerabha zobugcisa ezifana nemibhobho, iimethi zerabha kunye neegaskets. Ekuqaleni koo-1930, umzi-mveliso wadityaniswa neSuomen Gummitehdas Oy yakwaNokia. Emva phayaa ngeminyaka yee-1970, amasebe ahlukeneyo omzi-mveliso ayeqeshe abasebenzi abamalunga nama-500 eKerava. Imisebenzi yasefektri yapheliswa ekupheleni koo-1980.

Ixesha elidlulileyo lobugcisa

"Isithsaba se-nickel" segolide sengubo kaKerava imele ukudibanisa okwenziwe ngumchweli. Umxholo wengubo yeengalo eyenzelwe ngu-Ahti Hammar ivela kwishishini lemithi, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kweKerava. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-1900, iKerava yaziwa ngokukodwa njengedolophu yabachweli, xa iifektri ezimbini ezidumileyo zokuchwela, iKerava Puusepäntehdas kunye neKerava Puuteollisuus Oy, zazisebenza kule ndawo.

Imisebenzi kaKeravan Puuteollisuus Oy yaqala ngo-1909 phantsi kwegama elithi Keravan Mylly- ja Puunjalostus Osakeyhtiö. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1920s, eyona mveliso iphambili yalo mzi-mveliso yayizimpahla ezicwangcisiweyo, ezifana neefestile neengcango, kodwa ngowe-1942 imisebenzi yandiswa ngomzi-mveliso wefanitshala wanamhlanje. Umyili u-Ilmari Tapiovaara, owaziwa emva kweemfazwe, wayenoxanduva loyilo lwefenitshala, isitulo sakhe se-Domus esine-stackable esivela kwiimodeli zefenitshala eyenzelwe ukuveliswa komzi-mveliso uye waba yiklasi yoyilo lwefenitshala. Lo mzi-mveliso wawusebenza eKerava de kwangowe-1965.

I-Keravan Puuseppäntehdas, ekuqaleni i-Kervo Snickerifabrik – i-Keravan Puuseppätehdas, yaqalwa ngabachweli abathandathu ngo-1908. Yakhula ngokukhawuleza yaba yenye yeefektri zangoku zokuchwela kwilizwe lethu. Isakhiwo somzi-mveliso saphakama kumbindi weKerava ngakwiValtatie endala (ngoku eyiKauppakaari) saza sandiswa izihlandlo eziliqela ebudeni bomsebenzi walo mzi-mveliso. Ukususela ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wawugxile kwimveliso yefenitshala kunye neendawo zangaphakathi jikelele.

Ngowe-1919, uStockmann waba ngoyena mnini sabelo uphambili kulo mzi-mveliso, yaye uninzi lwabona bayili bezakhiwo bangaphakathi abadumileyo ngelo xesha bayila ifanitshala yomzi-mveliso okwiofisi yokuzoba yevenkile yesebe, njengoWerner West, uHarry Röneholm, uOlof Ottelin noMargaret T. Nordman. . Ukongeza kwifanitshala, i-ofisi yomzobo kaStockmann yenzelwe indawo zangaphakathi zoluntu kunye neendawo zabucala. Ngokomzekelo, ifenitshala kwisakhiwo sePalamente yenziwa kwiPusepäntehta yaseKerava. Umzi-mveliso waziwa ngokuba ngumvelisi owenziwe ngobuchule, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kubaphulaphuli ababanzi, kunye nefenitshala yeendawo zoluntu. Ngama-1960, i-Stockmann yafumana indawo ye-Kerava Carpentry Factory embindini we-Kerava kwaye yakha izakhiwo ezintsha zokuvelisa kwindawo yoshishino ye-Ahjo, apho i-factory yaqhubeka isebenza kude kube phakathi kwe-1980s.

Ifektri yokukhanyisa i-Orno nayo yayisebenza eKerava, ephethwe nguStockmann. Ekuqaleni yasekwa e-Helsinki ngo-1921 phantsi kwegama elithi Taidetakomo Orno Konstmideri, lo mzi-mveliso wawuphethwe yinkampani yevenkile yesebe ngo-1936, emva koko umsebenzi wadluliselwa eKerava. Ngelo xesha, igama laba ngu-Oy Orno Ab (kamva u-Orno Metallitehdas).

Umzi-mveliso waziwa ngokukhethekileyo ngoyilo lokukhanyisa, kodwa nanjengomvelisi wokukhanyisa kwezobugcisa. Izibane nazo zayilwa kwiofisi yokuzoba ye-Stockmann kwaye, njengefenitshala yasePuusepäntehta, amagama amaninzi awaziwayo ebaleni ayenoxanduva loyilo, afana noYki Nummi, uLisa Johansson-Pape, uHeikki Turunen noKlaus Michalik. Umzi-mveliso kunye nokusebenza kwawo kwathengiswa ngo-1985 kwi-Swedish Järnkonst Ab Asea emva koko ngo-1987 kwi-Thorn Lightning, njengenxalenye yokwenziwa kokukhanyisa kwaqhubeka kude kube ngu-2002.

Ukusuka kwivenkile ukuya kwisixeko

Umasipala waseKerava wasekwa ngomyalelo karhulumente ngowe-1924, xa kwakukho abemi abangama-3 083. IKorso nayo ekuqaleni yayiyinxalenye yeKerava, kodwa ngowe-1954 yafakwa kumasipala wasemaphandleni waseHelsinki ngoko. Ukuba ngumrhwebi kuthetha ukuzimela kwe-Kerava ukusuka eTuusula, kwaye isiseko sophuhliso olucwangcisiweyo lwendawo ukuya kwisixeko sangoku saqala ukuvela.

Ekuqaleni, iSampola yayiliziko lezorhwebo kwilokishi eyayisandul’ ukusekwa, kodwa emva kweminyaka yoo-1920 ithe chu yafudukela kwindawo ekuyo ngoku kwicala elingasentshona kumzila kaloliwe. Kwakukho nezindlu zamatye ezimbalwa phakathi kwezindlu zamaplanga eziko. Imisebenzi yamashishini amancinci awahlukeneyo yayigxile eVanhalle Valtatie (ngoku eyiKauppakaari), enqumla kumbindi wembumba. Iindledlana zokhuni zazakhiwe emacaleni ezitrato ezinegrabile embindini, ezazinceda abemi bomhlaba owenziwe ngodongwe, ngakumbi entwasahlobo.

Indlela ye-trunk ye-Helsinki-Lahti yagqitywa ngo-1959, eyaphinda yandisa umtsalane we-Kerava ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukudibanisa ukuthutha. Isigqibo esibalulekileyo malunga nophuhliso lwedolophu lwenziwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, xa umbono wendlela ejikelezayo wavela ngenxa yokhuphiswano lwezakhiwo olulungiselelwe ukuhlaziya iziko lesixeko. Oku kudale inkqubo-sikhokelo yolwakhiwo lombindi wedolophu wangoku ojolise kukukhanya kwezithuthi kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Undoqo wesicwangciso esisembindini sisitrato sabahambi ngeenyawo, esinye sezokuqala eFinland.

I-Kerava yaba sisixeko ngo-1970. Ngenxa yonxibelelwano oluhle lwezothutho kunye nokufuduka okunamandla, abemi besixeko esitsha baphantse baphindaphindeka kabini kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi: ngowe-1980 kwakukho abemi abangama-23 850. Ngowe-1974, iFinnish Housing Fair yesithathu yaququzelelwa eJaakkola. yenza iKerava yaduma kwaye yabeka indawo kwindawo yesizwe. I-Aurinkomäki, esemdeni wesitrato sabahambi ngeenyawo kumbindi wesixeko, iphuhliswe ngokhuphiswano oluninzi loyilo ukusuka kwipaki yendalo ukuya kwindawo yolonwabo yabantu basedolophini kunye nendawo yeziganeko ezininzi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980.

Inkcubeko eyahlukileyo kwidolophu encinci edibeneyo

Namhlanje, eKerava, abantu bahlala kwaye bonwabele ubomi kwisixeko esisebenzayo nesidlamkileyo esinamathuba okuzonwabisa kunye nemisitho kulo lonke ithuba. Imbali yendawo kunye nobunjani obahlukileyo bunokubonwa kwiimeko ezininzi ezinxulumene nenkcubeko yasezidolophini kunye nemisebenzi. Uluvo olufana nelali loluntu luvakala ngamandla njengenxalenye yekeravala yanamhlanje. Kwi-2024, i-Kerava iya kuba sisixeko esinabemi abangaphezu kwe-38, isikhumbuzo sayo se-000 siya kubhiyozelwa ngamandla esixeko sonke.

EKerava, izinto bezisoloko zisenziwa kunye. Kwimpelaveki yesibini kaJuni, uSuku lweKerava luyabhiyozelwa, ngo-Agasti kukho iminyhadala yeGarlic kwaye ngoSeptemba kukho ulonwabo kwiMarike yeSekethe, ehlonipha isiko ledolophu yecarnival eyaqala ngo-1888 kunye nemisebenzi yosapho oludumileyo lwaseSariola. Kwiminyaka ye-1978-2004, iMarike yeSekesi eququzelelwe nguMbutho woBugcisa kunye neNkcubeko yaseKerava yayikhe yaba ngumsitho osekelwe kumsebenzi wabemi, kunye nengeniso apho umbutho wafumana ubugcisa bokuqokelelwa kwemyuziyam yobugcisa, eyasekwa 1990 kwaye igcinwe ngamavolontiya ixesha elide.

Namhlanje, ubugcisa bunokubonwa kwimiboniso evunyiweyo yeZiko loBugcisa kunye neMyuziyam yaseSinka, apho, ngaphezu kobugcisa, izinto ezinomdla zenkcubeko kunye nesithethe soyilo lwemveliso yeKerava zivezwa. Unokufunda ngembali yasekhaya kunye nobomi basemaphandleni kwixesha elidlulileyo kwiMyuziyam yaseHeikkilä Homeland. Ukuguqula ifama yakudala yasekhaya ibe yimyuziyam nayo izalwa luthando lwabantu basezidolophini. Kerava Seura ry, eyasungulwa ngo-1955. yayinoxanduva lokugcina iMyuziyam yaseHeikkilä Homeland de kwangowe-1986, kwaye isaqokelela abo banomdla kwimbali yendawo malunga nemisitho edibeneyo, iintetho kunye nopapasho.

• Yiya kwiwebhusayithi kaSinka.
• Yiya kwiwebhusayithi kaSinka ukufunda ngakumbi ngoHeikkilä.

Ngomnyaka we-1904, u-Hufvudstadsbladet wabhala malunga nedolophu ephilileyo kunye neyobuhle yaseKerava. Ukusondela kwindalo kunye nemilinganiselo yendalo isabonakala kubomi bemihla ngemihla besixeko. Izisombululo zokwakhiwa okuzinzileyo, ukuhlala kunye nendlela yokuphila ziyavavanywa kwindawo yaseKivisilla, esecaleni kweKeravanjoki. Kufuphi, ecaleni kwe-Kerava Manor, i-Society for Sustainable Living isebenza i-Jalotus, ekhuthaza kwaye ikhokela abantu ekuphumezeni utshintsho oluzinzileyo lokuphila. Uhlobo lweengcamango zokuhlaziya kwakhona lulandelwa nguPuppa ry, owasungula ingcamango yePurkutade, ngenxa yokuba izindlu ezininzi ezidiliziweyo ziye zafumana igraffiti kwiindonga zazo kwaye zajika zaba yindawo yomboniso wexeshana.

Ubomi benkcubeko budlamkile eKerava kunjalo. Esi sixeko sinesikolo sabantwana sobugcisa bokubonwayo, isikolo somdaniso, isikolo somculo, iVekara Theatre kunye nethiyetha esekwe kumbutho weCentral Uusimaa Theatre KUT. E-Kerava, ukongeza kwinkcubeko, ungonwabela amava ezemidlalo aguquguqukayo, kwaye nokuba isixeko sichongwe ngo-2024 ukuba sibe ngoyena masipala uhambayo eFinland. Izithethe zokushukuma elalini zinde: oyena mhlali udumileyo waseKerava ngalo lonke ixesha usenokuba yintshatsheli yeOlimpiki, imbaleki yentshatsheli uVolmari Iso-Hollo (1907-1969), ogama lakhe lingumfanekiso oqingqiweyo okufuphi nololiwe waseKerava. isitishi.