historia

Okuqukethwe kwekhasi

Umlando wangaphambili
Isakhiwo sedolobhana lasendulo kanye nezindlu zokubhalisa umhlaba zaseKerava
Isikhathi sama-manors
Isitimela kanye nezimboni
Isikhathi esidlule sobuciko
Ukusuka esitolo kuya edolobheni
Isiko elihlukile edolobheni elincane elihlangene

Umlando wangaphambili

I-Kerava isivele yakhiwe eminyakeni engu-9 edlule, lapho abantu be-Stone Age befika endaweni ngemva kwe-Ice Age. Ngokuncibilika kweqhwa lezwekazi, cishe yonke iFinland yayisambozwe amanzi, futhi abantu bokuqala esifundeni saseKerava bazinza eziqhingini ezincane ezaziphuma emanzini njengoba umhlaba ukhuphuka. Njengoba isimo sezulu sishisa futhi nezinga lomhlaba liqhubeka likhuphuka, kwakhiwa i-Ancylysjärvi cove eduze kweKeravanjoki, eyagcina inciphe yaba endaweni eyi-fjord yoLwandle iLitorina. Kwazalwa isigodi somfula esigcwele ubumba.

I-Stone Age Abantu baseKerava bathola ukudla kwabo ngokuzingela izimvu zamanzi nokudoba. Izindawo zokuhlala zadalwa ngokomjikelezo wonyaka lapho kwakukhona inyamazane eyanele. Ubufakazi bokudla kwezakhamuzi zasendulo bulondoloziwe kusukela ekutholweni kwethambo lendawo yokuhlala yasePisinmäki Stone Age etholakala esifundeni samanje saseLapila. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, singasho ukuthi izakhamuzi zangaleso sikhathi zazizingelani.

Kutholakale izindawo zokuhlala eziyisishiyagalombili ze-Stone Age e-Kerava, lapho izindawo zase-Rajamäentie naseMikkola zicekeleke phansi. Kutholwe umhlaba ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olusentshonalanga ye-Keravanjoki nasezindaweni zasejele zaseJaakkola, Ollilanlaakso, Kaskela naseKerava.

Ngokusekelwe kokutholwe ngemivubukulo, inani labantu elihlala njalo lahlala endaweni cishe eminyakeni eyi-5000 edlule ngesikhathi sesiko le-Neoceramic. Ngaleso sikhathi, izakhamuzi zasesigodini somfula nazo zazifuyile izinkomo futhi zigawula amahlathi agudle umfula ukuze bathole amadlelo. Kodwa-ke, azikho izindawo zokuhlala zeBronze noma ze-Iron Age ezaziwa kusukela eKerava. Nokho, umhlaba ngamunye otholakala eNkathini Yensimbi ukhuluma ngohlobo oluthile lobukhona bomuntu.

Isakhiwo sedolobhana lasendulo kanye nezindlu zokubhalisa umhlaba zaseKerava

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala okubhaliwe kweKerava emibhalweni yomlando kubuyela emuva kuma-1440s. Kuyisicelo mayelana nezinqumo zomngcele phakathi kweKerava noMårtensby, umnikazi weSipoo. Kuleso simo, izindawo zokuhlala zasemadolobheni zase zakhiwe kakade endaweni, izigaba zokuqala ezingaziwa, kodwa ngokusekelwe ku-nomenclature, kungacatshangwa ukuthi inani labantu lafika endaweni livela kokubili phakathi nezwe kanye nogu. Indawo yokuqala yokuhlala idolobhana kufanele ibe segqumeni le-Kerava Manor lamanje, ukusuka lapho le ndawo yasakazekela e-Ali-Keravan, i-Lapila kanye ne-Heikkilänmäki.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1400, indawo yokuhlala endaweni yahlukaniswa yaba amadolobhana ase-Ali nase-Yli-Kerava. Ngo-1543, kwakunezindawo ezikhokha intela ezingu-12 endaweni yase-Ali-Kerava neziyisithupha edolobhaneni laseYli-Kerava. Eziningi zazo zazisezindaweni ezisemaphandleni ezinezindlu ezimbalwa nhlangothi zombili zomfula iKeravanjoki futhi eduze nomgwaqo omazombezombe onqamula isifunda.

Lezi zakhiwo ezishiwo kurejista yomhlaba yokuqala yekhulu le-1500, okungukuthi amarejista omhlaba, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-Kerava kantatils noma izindlu zokubhalisa umhlaba. U-Ali-Keravan Mikkola, Inkilä, Jaakkola, Jokimies, Jäspilä, Jurvala, Nissilä, Ollila kanye no-Täckerman (kamuva owaba ngu-Hakala) kanye no-Yli-Keravan Postlar, Skogster kanye no-Heikkilä baziwa ngamagama. Amapulazi ayenezindawo zawo zokulima ezihlukene, futhi zombili lezi zigodi zazinamahlathi azo ahlangene nezimfunda. Ngokwezilinganiso, kwakukhona izakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamakhulu ambalwa.

Ngokokuphatha, amadolobhana kwakungezaseSipoo kwaze kwaba yilapho isifunda saseTuusula sasungulwa ngo-1643 futhi iKerava yaba yingxenye yesifunda saseTuusula. Inani lezindlu nezakhamuzi lahlala lingashintshile isikhathi eside, nakuba phakathi namashumi eminyaka amanye amapulazi amadala ahlukaniswa, ashiywa noma ahlanganiswa njengengxenye ye-manor yaseKerava, namapulazi amasha nawo asungulwa. Nokho, ngo-1860, kwase kunezindlu zabalimi ezingu-26 nezithabathaba ezimbili emadolobheni ase-Ali nase-Yli-Kerava. Inani labantu lalingaba ngu-450.

Isikhathi sama-manors

Indawo ye-Kerava manor, noma i-Humleberg, ibihlalwa kusukela okungenani ngawo-1580, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwepulazi elikhulu kwaqala ngekhulu le-1600, lapho uBerendes, indodana yomphathi wamahhashi uFredrik Joakim, engumnikazi wepulazi. . UBerendes waphatha le ndawo kusukela ngo-1634 futhi ngenhloso wandisa indawo yakhe ngokuhlanganisa izindlu ezimbalwa zabalimi endaweni ezingakwazi ukukhokha intela. Umphathi, owazibonakalisa emikhankasweni eminingi yezempi, wanikezwa isikhundla esiphakeme ngo-1649 futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wamukela igama elithi Stålhjelm. Ngokwemibiko, ibhilidi elikhulu le-manor linamakamelo afinyelela kwangu-17 ngesikhathi sika-Stålhjelm.

Ngemva kokushona kuka-Stålhjelm nomfelokazi wakhe u-Anna, ubunikazi bendawo yokuhlala badlulela emndenini wakwa-von Schrowe owazalelwa eJalimane. I-manor yaba nesikhathi esinzima phakathi nobandlululo, lapho abaseRussia beyishisa phansi. UCorporal Gustav Johan Blåfield, umnikazi wokugcina womndeni wakwa-von Schrowe, wayephethe le manor kwaze kwaba ngu-1743.

Ngemva kwalokho, i-manor yayinabanikazi abaningana, kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-1770 u-Johan Sederholm, umeluleki womthengisi wase-Helsinki, wathenga futhi wabuyisela ipulazi enkazimulweni yalo entsha. Ngemva kwalokhu, i-manor yathengiswa ngokushesha ku-knight u-Karl Otto Nassokin, umndeni wakhe owawuphethe le manor iminyaka engu-50, kuze kube yilapho umndeni wakwaJaekellit uba umnikazi ngomshado. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko samanje sisukela kulesi sikhathi samaJaekellis, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1800.

Ngo-1919, u-Jaekell wokugcina, u-Miss Olivia, eneminyaka engu-79 ubudala, wathengisa i-manor kugama lika-Sipoo uLudvig Moring, lapho i-manor yaba nesikhathi esisha sokuchuma. I-Moring yalungisa isakhiwo esikhulu se-manor ngo-1928, futhi yile ndlela i-manor namuhla. Ngemuva kwe-Moring, i-manor yadluliselwa edolobheni laseKerava ngo-1991 mayelana nokudayiswa komhlaba.

Enye i-manor eyayisebenza eKerava, eLapila manor, ibonakala njengegama emibhalweni okokuqala ngqa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1600, lapho kukhulunywa ngomuntu ogama lakhe linguYrjö Tuomaanpoika, okungukuthi uYrjö waseLapila phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasesigodini saseYli-Kerava. . Kuyaziwa ukuthi iLapila yayiyipulazi elikhokhelwa izikhulu iminyaka eminingana, kwaze kwaba yilapho ihlanganiswa neKerava manor ngeminyaka yawo-1640. Ngemva kwalokho, uLapila wasebenza njengengxenye ye-manor, kwaze kwaba ngo-1822 ipulazi lidlulela emndenini wakwaSevén. Umndeni ubambe lesi sikhala iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu.

Ngemuva kwe-Sevény, i-Lapila manor ithengiswa izingxenye kubanikazi abasha. Isakhiwo samanje esiyinhloko sisukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1880, lapho ukapteni wesiqu u-Sundman wayeyinkosi ye-manor. Isigaba esisha esithakazelisayo emlandweni kaLapila safika lapho osomabhizinisi baseHelsinki, kuhlanganise noJulius Tallberg noLars Krogius, bethenga indawo egameni lemboni yezitini ababeyisungule. Ngemuva kobunzima bokuqala, ifektri yathatha igama elithi Kervo Tegelbruk Ab futhi uLapila wahlala esandleni senkampani kwaze kwaba ngu-1962, okwathi ngemva kwalokho le manor yathengiswa elokishini laseKerava.

Isitimela kanye nezimboni

Ukuhamba kwezimoto engxenyeni yokuqala yabagibeli kumzila wesitimela waseFinland, umzila weHelsinki-Hämeenlinna, waqala ngo-1862. Lo jantshi unqamula iKerava cishe lonke ubude bedolobha. Iphinde yanika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zaseKerava ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kwaqala kwafika izimboni zezitini, ezazisebenzisa inhlabathi yobumba yendawo. Izitini eziningana zasebenza kule ndawo ekuqaleni kwawo-1860, futhi imboni yokuqala kasimende yaseFinland nayo yasungulwa endaweni ngo-1869. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kwezitini kwakuyi-Kervo Tegelsbruks Ab (kamuva eyaba ngu-AB Kervo Tegelbruk), eyasungulwa ngo-1889, kanye ne-Oy Savion. I-Tiilitehdas, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1910. I-Kervo Tegelbruk igxile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izitini ezijwayelekile zamatshe, kuyilapho i-Savion Tiiletehta ikhiqiza cishe imikhiqizo yezitini ehlukene engamashumi amathathu.

Amasiko amade wendawo ekukhiqizeni iziphuzo ze-malt yezimboni aqala ngo-1911, ngenkathi i-Keravan Höyrypanimo Osakeyhtiö isungulwa ekuqaleni kwe-Vehkalantie yanamuhla. Ngaphezu kweziphuzo ze-malt ezithambile, ama-lemonade namanzi amaminerali nawo akhiqizwa ngawo-1920. Ngo-1931, i-Keravan Panimo Oy yaqala ukusebenza endaweni efanayo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo okuthembisayo, futhi njengomkhiqizi wobhiya onamandla, kwaphela ngo-1940 ngemva kokuqala kwempi yasebusika.

I-Oy Savion Kumitehdas yasungulwa ngo-1925 futhi ngokushesha yaba umqashi omkhulu endaweni: imboni yanikeza cishe imisebenzi engama-800. Ifekthri ikhiqize ama-wellies nezicathulo zenjoloba kanye nemikhiqizo yerabha yobuchwepheshe njengamapayipi, amacansi enjoloba nama-gaskets. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, imboni yahlanganiswa ne-Suomen Gummitehdas Oy yakwaNokia. Emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1970, iminyango eyahlukene yefekthri yaqasha abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-500 eKerava. Imisebenzi yefekthri yehliswa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980.

Isikhathi esidlule sobuciko

"Umqhele we-nickel" wegolide wejazi lezikhali likaKerava umelela ukujoyina okwenziwe umbazi. Itimu yejazi lezikhali elakhiwe ngu-Ahti Hammar livela embonini yezinkuni, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweKerava. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-1900, iKerava yaziwa ngokukhethekile njengedolobha lababazi, lapho izimboni ezimbili ezidumile zokubaza, iKerava Puusepäntehdas kanye neKerava Puuteollisuus Oy, zisebenza kule ndawo.

Imisebenzi kaKeravan Puuteollisuus Oy yaqala ngo-1909 ngaphansi kwegama elithi Keravan Mylly- ja Puunjalostus Osakeyhtiö. Kusukela ngawo-1920, inkambu eyinhloko yokukhiqiza yefekthri yayiyizimpahla ezihleliwe, njengamafasitela neminyango, kodwa ngo-1942 imisebenzi yandiswa ngefektri yesimanje yefenisha ye-serial. Umklami u-Ilmari Tapiovaara, owaziwa ngemuva kwezimpi, wayebhekele ukuklanywa kwefenisha, isihlalo sakhe se-Domus esinamathelayo esivela kumamodeli wefenisha eyenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwefektri isiphenduke yakudala yokuklama ifenisha. Imboni yasebenza eKerava kwaze kwaba ngu-1965.

I-Keravan Puuseppäntehdas, ekuqaleni i-Kervo Snickerifabrik – i-Keravan Puuseppätehdas, yaqalwa ababazi abayisithupha ngo-1908. Yakhula ngokushesha yaba enye yezimboni zokubaza zesimanje ezweni lakithi. Isakhiwo sefekthri saphakama maphakathi neKerava eduze kweValtatie endala (manje eyiKauppakaari) futhi sanwetshwa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nokusebenza kwefektri. Kusukela ekuqaleni, ukusebenza kwakugxile ekukhiqizeni ifenisha kanye ne-interiors jikelele.

Ngo-1919, u-Stockmann waba umnikazi wamasheya oyinhloko wefekthri kanye nabadwebi abaningi bangaphakathi abadumile bangaleso sikhathi abaklama ifenisha yefektri ehhovisi lokudweba lesitolo somnyango, njengoWerner West, uHarry Röneholm, u-Olof Ottelin noMargaret T. Nordman. Ngaphezu kwefenisha, ihhovisi lokudweba likaStockmann laklama izinto zangaphakathi zazo zombili izindawo zomphakathi nezizimele. Isibonelo, ifenisha esakhiweni sePhalamende yenziwa ePusepäntehta yaseKerava. Imboni yaziwa njengomkhiqizi wezinto eziklanywe ngobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imikhiqizo efanelekayo izethameli eziningi, kanye nomnikezeli wezindawo zomphakathi. Ngawo-1960, u-Stockmann wathenga indawo ye-Kerava Carpentry Factory enkabeni ye-Kerava futhi wakha izindawo ezintsha zokukhiqiza endaweni yezimboni ze-Ahjo, lapho imboni yaqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1980.

Imboni yezibani i-Orno nayo ibisebenza eKerava, ephethwe nguStockmann. Ekuqaleni yasungulwa e-Helsinki ngo-1921 njenge-Taidetakomo Orno Konstmideri, imboni yayiphethwe yinkampani yesitolo somnyango ngo-1936, ngemva kwalokho ukusebenza kwadluliselwa eKerava. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igama laba ngu-Oy Orno Ab (kamuva owaba ngu-Orno Metallitehdas).

Imboni yaziwa ikakhulukazi ngomklamo wayo wokukhanyisa, kodwa futhi njengomkhiqizi wokukhanyisa kwezobuchwepheshe. Amalambu aphinde aklanywa ehhovisi lokudweba likaStockmann futhi, njengefenisha yakwaPuusepäntehta, amagama amaningana aziwayo emkhakheni ayenomthwalo wemfanelo womklamo, njengo-Yki Nummi, Lisa Johansson-Pape, Heikki Turunen kanye no-Klaus Michalik. Imboni kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwathengiswa ngo-1985 kwa-Swedish Järnkonst Ab Asea kwase kuthi ngo-1987 kwaThorn Lightning, njengengxenye lapho ukwenziwa kokukhanyisa kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-2002.

Ukusuka esitolo kuya edolobheni

Umasipala waseKerava wasungulwa ngomthetho kahulumeni ngo-1924, lapho kwakunezakhamuzi ezingu-3 083. I-Korso nayo ekuqaleni yayiyingxenye yeKerava, kodwa ngo-1954 yafakwa kumasipala wasemakhaya waseHelsinki ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuba umthengisi kwakusho ukuzimela kokuphatha kwe-Kerava esuka e-Tuusula, futhi kwaqala ukuvela isisekelo sentuthuko ehleliwe yendawo ebheke edolobheni lamanje.

Ekuqaleni, i-Sampola yayiyisikhungo sezohwebo selokishi elalisanda kusungulwa, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka yawo-1920 yathuthela kancane kancane endaweni yayo yamanje ohlangothini olusentshonalanga kojantshi wesitimela. Kwakukhona nezindlu zamatshe ezimbalwa phakathi kwezindlu zamapulangwe phakathi nendawo. Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamabhizinisi amancane yayigxile eVanhalle Valtatie (manje eyiKauppakaari), edabula phakathi kwe-agglomeration. Imigwaqo yomgwaqo eyakhiwe ngokhuni yakhiwa emaphethelweni emigwaqo egcwele amatshe phakathi nendawo, eyayisebenzela izakhamuzi zendawo yobumba, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo.

Umgwaqo omkhulu we-Helsinki-Lahti waqedwa ngo-1959, owaphinda wandisa ukukhanga kwe-Kerava kusukela ekubukeni kwezixhumanisi zokuhamba. Isinqumo esibalulekile mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha senziwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, lapho umbono womgwaqo oyindandatho uvela ngenxa yomncintiswano wezakhiwo owawuhlelelwe ukuvuselela isikhungo sedolobha. Lokhu kudale uhlaka lokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sedolobha esigxile emigwaqweni emincane yamanje kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Umnyombo wepulani elimaphakathi umgwaqo wabahamba ngezinyawo, ongewokuqala eFinland.

I-Kerava yaba idolobha ngo-1970. Ngenxa yokuxhumana kwayo okuhle kwezokuthutha nokufuduka okuqinile, inani labantu bedolobha elisha lacishe laphindeka kabili phakathi neminyaka eyishumi: ngo-1980 kwakukhona izakhamuzi ezingu-23 850. Ngo-1974, i-Finnish Housing Fair yesithathu eyahlelwa eJaakkola. yenza i-Kerava yaduma futhi yabeka le ndawo ekukhanyeni kwezwe. I-Aurinkomäki, engasemngceleni womgwaqo wabahamba ngezinyawo enkabeni yedolobha, ithuthukiswe ngemiqhudelwano eminingi yokuklama isuka epaki yemvelo ibe yindawo yokuzijabulisa yabantu basedolobheni kanye nendawo yemicimbi eminingi ekuqaleni kwawo-1980.

Isiko elihlukile edolobheni elincane elihlangene

Namuhla, e-Kerava, abantu baphila futhi bajabulele ukuphila edolobheni elikhuthele nelijabulisayo elinamathuba okuzilibazisa nemicimbi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umlando wendawo kanye nobunikazi obuhlukile kungabonakala ezimweni eziningi ezihlobene namasiko nemisebenzi yasemadolobheni. Umuzwa womphakathi ofana nesigodi uzwakala kakhulu njengengxenye ye-keravala yanamuhla. Ngo-2024, iKerava izoba idolobha elinabantu abangaphezu kuka-38, okuzogujwa iminyaka engu-000 ngamandla edolobha lonke.

E-Kerava, izinto bezilokhu zenziwa ndawonye. Ngempelasonto yesibili kaJuni, kugujwa uSuku lweKerava, ngo-Agasti kuba nemikhosi kaGarlic kanti ngoSepthemba kuba nobumnandi eCircus Market, ehlonipha isiko lomkhosi wedolobha owaqala ngo-1888 kanye nemisebenzi yomndeni odumile waseSariola. Eminyakeni ye-1978-2004, i-Circus Market eyayihlelwe yi-Kerava art and Culture association nayo yake yaba umcimbi osuselwe emisebenzini yezakhamuzi, ngemali leyo inhlangano yathola ngayo ubuciko bokuqoqa imnyuziyamu yobuciko, eyasungulwa ngo. 1990 futhi inakekelwa amavolontiya isikhathi eside.

Namuhla, ubuciko bungabonakala emibukisweni ehlonishwayo ye-Art and Museum Centre Sinka, lapho, ngaphezu kobuciko, izigigaba zamasiko ezithakazelisayo kanye nesiko lokuklama kwezimboni zikaKerava zivezwa. Ungafunda ngomlando wendawo nempilo yasemaphandleni esikhathini esedlule e-Heikkilä Homeland Museum. Ukuguqula ipulazi lasekhaya elidala libe yimnyuziyamu nakho kuzalwe othandweni lwedolobha lasekhaya labantu basedolobheni. I-Kerava Seura ry, eyasungulwa ngo-1955. yayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekelwa kwe-Heikkilä Homeland Museum kuze kube ngu-1986, futhi isahlanganisa labo abathanda umlando wendawo emicimbini ehlanganyelwe, izinkulumo kanye nezincwadi.

• Iya kuwebhusayithi yeSinka.
• Iya kuwebhusayithi ye-Sinka ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana no-Heikkilä.

Ngo-1904, u-Hufvudstadsbladet wabhala mayelana nedolobha elinempilo nelibukeka kahle laseKerava. Ukusondela kwemvelo kanye namagugu emvelo asabonakala empilweni yansuku zonke yedolobha. Izixazululo zokwakha okusimeme, ukuphila kanye nendlela yokuphila ziyahlolwa endaweni yaseKivisilla, eseduze kweKeravanjoki. Eduze kwe-Kerava Manor, i-Society for Sustainable Living isebenza i-Jalotus, ekhuthaza futhi iqondise abantu ekusebenziseni ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila okusimeme. Uhlobo lwemibono yokuvuselela kabusha lulandelwa yiPuppa ry, eyethula umqondo we-Purkutade, ngenxa yokuthi izindlu eziningi ezidiliziwe zithole imidwebo ezindongeni zazo futhi zaphenduka indawo yesikhashana yokubukisa.

Impilo yesiko iyaphila e-Kerava noma kunjalo. Idolobhakazi linesikole sobuciko bokubukwa kwezingane, isikole somdanso, isikole somculo, iVekara Theatre kanye nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini esekwe kwi-Central Uusimaa Theatre KUT. E-Kerava, ngaphezu kwesiko, ungajabulela ulwazi lwezemidlalo oluhlukahlukene, futhi noma idolobha liqokwe ngo-2024 ukuba libe ngumasipala ohamba phambili eFinland. Amasiko okunyakaza edolobhaneni made impela: isakhamuzi saseKerava esidume kunazo zonke sesikhathi sonke kungenzeka ukuthi ungumpetha wama-Olimpiki, umgijimi oyingqwele uVolmari Iso-Hollo (1907-1969), ogama lakhe liyisikwele esinesithombe saso esiseduze nesitimela saseKerava. isiteshi.